Audit Committee Characteristics and Report - MyAssignmenthelp.com

Question: Talk about the Audit Committee Characteristics and Report. Answer: Presentation Evaluating alludes to the way toward examining the fiscal summaries of the organizations with the goal that it tends to be guaranteed that they are liberated from material errors (William Jr, Glover and Prawitt 2016). At the hour of leading the review tasks, the evaluators are required to consent to all fundamental examining norms and standards. Rebelliousness with these gauges can prompt the penetrate of moral standards. The inspectors are dependable to give right review sentiment dependent on the aftereffect of review systems. While directing distinctive review strategies in the organizations, the commitment is on the examiners to make consistence with the necessary moral measures. Bookkeeping Professional and Ethical Standards 110 (APES 110) contains all the moral guidelines and standards. Among every one of these standards, the privacy guideline is a significant part. As per this standard, the examiners are not permitted to make divulgence of the monetary data of the review customer procured while playing out the review activity to any outsider. The gave circumstance shows the conveyance of review working papers identified with the current review activity to Penshurst Accountants from Mortdale Accounting firm. While giving this review data to Penshurst Accountants, Mortdale Accounting firm didn't educate the review customer. Along these lines, as indicated by APES 110, Mortdale Accounting has damaged the review moral rule of Confidentiality (Martinov-Bennie and Mladenovic 2015). From the gave circumstance, it very well may be seen that Jan Dungog makes an employment form for one of the bookkeepers position. What draws in the consideration is the employment form by Jan Dungog in another organization for another position while by and by working in an organization. Aside from this, he additionally asked the nearby organization not to educate his present boss about this application. The neighborhood association named him in their organization by tolerating his application and they has not educated his present business about this. As indicated by APES 110 Section 110, these demonstrations of both Jan Dungog and the neighborhood organization lead to the penetrate of the review moral guideline of Professional Appointment. As per this rule, at the hour of tolerating the commitment use of the examiners, business associations are required to decide the presence of any sort of danger in the arrangement procedure identified with consistence. In this specific case, the p enetrating of this demonstration can be seen from the demonstration of the organization (Ottaway 2014). The gave case demonstrates towards the presence of two separate circumstances. Initially, Wendal Sailor is a review proficient; second, he is the proprietor of a business of superannuation and protection. In this specific situation, it should be referenced that there isn't any penetrate of inspecting moral standard because of the decency of the way that n reviewer can have his/her own business. The give contextual analysis shows that Wendal Sailor uses to give encourage identified with other non-review administrations to his review customers at the hour of giving the review administrations to them. As per Section 290 Provision of Non-confirmation Services to Audit Clients rule of APES 110, the evaluators shouldn't give any sort of non-review administrations to their review customers while leading the review tasks as it makes danger for examiners autonomy. Also, the review understanding does exclude anything identified with non-review benefits because of its illicit nature for the rev iew calling (Chapple et al. 2014). As indicated by the moral guideline of reviewing, a functioning individual from the review group don't reserve the option to have any huge situation in some other business enterprises. From numerous examples everywhere throughout the world, it tends to be seen that the review individuals from the business associations function as acting individuals as the top managerial staff of different organizations. Moral standards of examining consider this go about as illicit as it can influence the freedom of reviewers. In any case, contrast can be found in the gave case circumstance. The gave circumstance shows that Judith Durham functions as a review accomplice of a not-revenue driven creation association. Simultaneously, he groups the situation of privileged part in the directorate of an organization. It should be referenced that there isn't any infringement of review moral standards because of the privileged situation of him in the board that denies him in playing any administration relate d job in the organization (William Jr, Glover and Prawitt 2016). The gave case circumstance expresses that Ernie Dengate sells his bookkeeping rehearses like accounting, examining, duty and others. In this circumstance, he has the consent of selling just the expense working papers, not others. Despite this reality, he has sold the various bookkeeping papers to another bookkeeper Jago. In this specific circumstance, APES 110, Section 250 Marketing Professional Services has referenced about the production of the danger of inspectors autonomy from this circumstance. The above rule expresses that the evaluators are required to acquire authorization from power before selling their expert administrations. In this manner, in this circumstance, Ernie Dengate has damaged the standard of Marketing Professional Services (Clayton and Staden 2015). In todays business world, it very well may be seen that the examiners of the organizations use to give various kinds of non-review administrations to their review customers. These non-review administrations incorporate administration advices, charge conference and others. According to the reviewing guidelines, giving non-review administrations is illicit as they are excluded from the review understanding structure and all the subtleties identified with this can be found in APES 110, Section 290.156 Provision of Non-Assurance Services to Audit Clients. The given circumstance expresses that Fred Nerk gives both review and non-review administrations to his review customers at the same time. Because of the conveyance of these non-review administrations, it is conceivable that he acknowledges non-money related or budgetary prizes from the review customers for the non-review benefits that is excluded from the review understanding (Carey 2015). Accordingly, it tends to be comprehended that Fred Nerk has damaged the moral rule of Provision of Non-affirmation Services to Audit Clients. While leading the distinctive review methodology in the customers associations, the inspectors are required to manage various sorts of monetary data of their business. Along these lines, during the time spent review methodology, the examiners are required to consider the classification part of customers money related data. In this procedure, it is the obligation of the examiners to keep up the security of the imperative money related data so that non-approved individuals can't get to it. The gave circumstance expresses that because of the absence of satisfactory office, the organization keeps all the significant review data in another PC. There is a high chance of inadequate security framework in the new PC and it can prompt robbery of data. Simultaneously, burglary of data may influence the autonomy of the examiners. Therefore, as indicated by APES 110, Section 280 Objectivity, this occurrence disregards the objectivity rule of evaluating (Trung 2015). While directing the review systems in the organizations, the examiners have the commitment of conforming to the review moral code of behaviors. Therefore, according to the standards, the evaluators are should have been straightforward and to look after trustworthiness. The gave contextual analysis shows the association of James Jameson in various initiates like utilization of medication and liquor, battling, foolish driving and others that influence the trustworthiness and polished skill of the review calling. Aside from this, he was condemned for prison for a quarter of a year. It suggests that the he neglected to act appropriately and expertly before everybody. Thus, as indicated by APES 110, Ethical Principles, these demonstrations of James Jameson are against the morals of review calling (George, Jones and Harvey 2014). While directing the review activities of the business associations, the examiners require all the vital data of the review customers. To acquire right and applicable data has huge task to carry out in the conveyance of admission and right review judgment. From the gave circumstance, it tends to be seen that the evaluators of the association can't get any affirmation of eight significant clients of the association. Be that as it may, with the help of other pertinent data, it was feasible for the reviewers to pass judgment on the decency of the record adjusts. Because of this, the evaluators would give Unqualified Audit Opinion legitimate clarification (Tsipouridou and Spathis 2014). It is the prime obligation of the administration of the organizations to give the evaluators each approval to get to all the required and pertinent data with the goal that the review tasks can be directed in the smooth way. In the gave circumstance, it very well may be seen that the evaluators of the organization has got limitation from the side of the companys the executives on the necessary methods for the confirmation of record adjusts of property, plant and hardware. It is indispensable to confirm these records as they contributes 35% of the complete resources and it is an impediment to decide the genuine money related situation of the organization. Accordingly, the reviewer will furnish Disclaimer Audit Opinion alongside legitimate clarification (Xu et al. 2013). This case is practically like the above circumstance. It is one of the significant obligations of the organizations to furnish the evaluators with all the important data of their fiscal summaries. In the assurance of the right money related situation of the organizations, the significance of the assurance of unforeseen risk can't be disregarded. From the gave contextual investigation, it tends to be seen that the administration of the organization has excluded a greater part segment of unforeseen obligation in the f

Gerrymanderingto kill a mocking bird essays

Gerrymanderingto execute a taunting flying creature expositions GOMILLION ET AL. v. LIGHTFOOT, MAYOR OF TUSKEGEE, ET AL. The exceptional Gomillion v. Lightfoot went to the Supreme Court on the grounds that the fringes of Tuskegee, Alabama were redrawn. They went from a square shape to a sporadic one to prohibit dark neighborhoods, on the external edges of the city, disregarding the fifteenth Amendment, denying them a vote as a result of race. This training is otherwise called racial manipulating. On October 18 and 19 of 1960 this case was contended. The choice was made on November 14, 1960. The case was pulled up from the Fifth Circuit of Appellate Courts. The Plaintiff, the African American residents of Tuskegee, Alabama were blaming the Mayor for Tuskegee, Alabama, Lightfoot, denying sacred rights to the residents. The case was governed on soon after another significant racial case, Barker v. Carr. This case assisted the decision of Brown v. Leading body of Education of Topeka Kansas. The Supreme Court of the United States switched the decision from the Fifth Circuit of Appellate Courts. The Appellate Court decided that the State could pay special mind to its wellbeing. The court applied this past decision from different cases to decide that the district could pay special mind to its wellbeing. The Supreme Court, be that as it may, felt that the methods don't legitimize the closures. Utilizing a Constitutional system to accomplish an Unconstitutional outcome is illegal. Whittaker, composed an agreeing supposition concurring that the fringe move was Unconstitutional, however under the fourteenth Amendment's equivalent security proviso in light of the fact that the state was redrawing outskirts to the dark resident's impairment. He felt that casting a ballot was not prevented in light of the fact that from securing race. Truth be told, outskirt changes happen constantly and the blacks despite everything reserved a privilege to decide in favor of any applicant or position that falls in their general vicinity. He felt that the re-circumscribing was an isolation endeavor illicit under the prece ... <!

Easy to Write About Essay Topics

Easy to Write About Essay TopicsBeing able to write about essay topics that are easy to understand is something that everyone can do. The key is to find the topic that is right for you. If you feel that you do not know how to write about essay topics, the best thing to do is to ask someone who does. This person can give you tips on what topics are easy to write about and help you when you need them.Of course, you will want to make sure that the topic you choose is something that is easy to write about essay topics. There are many different types of essays, so it would be best to narrow your search down as much as possible. Of course, the best way to find out about essay topics is by reading others who have written essays on a variety of topics.You can use this method to find out about essay topics that are easy to write about because of how many different people have already written about it. There are some popular topics that are easy to write about and the same applies to them. Kno wing what is easy to write about helps you when you want to write an essay on any subject.It is important to find a good topic. The topic that you choose will also be a huge part of the final product. If you choose a topic that is too hard to write about, it is likely that it will turn into a fluff piece. If you choose a topic that is too easy to write about, it will also turn into a fluff piece.First, make sure that the topic is something that you are comfortable with. You will want to make sure that the topic is something that is interesting to you. Once you know what topic you want to choose, the next step is to narrow it down to a few choices. Onceyou find these choices, make sure that you get a list of things that you have to do in order to complete it properly.You can start researching the topic by going online. Since you will be spending most of your time researching, it is important that you take the time to do it properly. This includes choosing a topic that is interesting to you and one that is easy to write about. In addition, make sure that you do not choose a topic that is too easy to write about.You can also spend some time researching the topic and making sure that you are getting all of the information that you need. It is very important that you read as much as you can on the topic in order to make sure that it is interesting to you. Once you have done this, you will want to write about the topic. When you write about the topic, make sure that you have all of the information that you need in order to write a good essay.One of the easiest to write about essay topics is a political discussion. If you want to learn more about how to write about political essays, there are many books that will help you in the process. It is important to find a topic that is interesting to you and one that is easy to write about.

Responses to 4 Frequently-Asked Questions on Report Writing

Report writing is hard. No one has claimed it will be easy. Whether it’s your first time or you have done it before, writing a good report takes time, efforts, and some know-how. To get started, you will need to have some background knowledge about this particular kind of paper. There are many good questions on report writing, but we will discuss the top four of them. After having read the answers, you will have a good head start for writing a perfect report on your own! 1. What Is a Report? This may seem like a silly question, but it’s not. It also isn’t asked often enough because people may feel embarrassed. However, we know it is the number one frequently asked question in students’ minds when they are asked to write one. Get the wrong answer to this question, and you will fail the assignment, therefore having wasted your time. By definition, a report is a given written account of â€Å"something that one has observed, heard, done, or investigated†. In a nutshell, a report is a clear and organized piece of writing that explains one’s findings to an intended audience. 2. How Do I Write a Good Report? Once you’ve learned what a report is, you have to produce one! How? That’s a big question. A good report has several essential elements. It has: An interesting topic and solid thesis; Good structure and organization; Referenced supporting ideas; Strong claims and arguments; Correct grammar and spelling. Each of these things takes time and practice to learn how to do well. 3. How Can I Improve My Writing? When you have a report or anything else written, the next step is to proofread it to make it better. You can’t become a better writer without having a piece of writing to work with. Improving report writing can be done more specifically by having someone else check your writing and giving you some tips for improvement. They don’t tell you exactly what to write, just the ideas to make it better. This way, you are making the positive changes, which will teach you how to recognize them by yourself in the future. Another good way to improve your writing skills is by reading and using other reports as a model of how yours should look like. Seeing different writing styles will help you to develop your own. 4. How Do I Get Started? One of the hardest things to do is to get started. A report is a big undertaking, and it can easily become overwhelming, especially since you want to do well. The very first thing you need to do is to brainstorm. Think of a list of topics if you still don’t have any. Once you know what you will write about, keep brainstorming to come up with an outline of what will be included in your paper. If you have troubles while making up ideas, you can always look for help online. Once you have a solid topic, you are well on your way to writing a report on your own. From there, find a quiet place and get down to writing a masterpiece!

A Comparism of Academic Achievement of Studdents in...

CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION 1.1 Background of Study The study mathematics as a subject in its own right begins in the 6th century BC with the Pythagoreans, who coined the term ‘’mathematics’’ from the ancient Greek (mathema),meaning ‘’subject of instruct’’. In Nigeria and in other parts of the world, there have been always national interest towards improvement of teaching and learning of sciences and mathematics in particular. The main concern of the educationalists has always been in the improvement of the achievement level of students (Bajah,1984;Akpau 1993). For a nation such as ours aspiring for scientific and technological take –off the need to pay due attention to our students’ academic achievement in mathematics cannot be over†¦show more content†¦Other factors like quality of teaching personnel supervision, and management are not left out. The fallen standard of mathematics in senior secondary schools in Guma and the nation at large is drastically e ating the nation’s pride[Ortyoyande,1999]it is therefore necessary to monitor the students achievement especially in senior secondary school level so that the factors having negative effect on students’ achievement if not completely eliminated should be reduced to the barest minimum to ensure the production of good mathematicians in the future. 1.2 Statement of the Problem. The academic achievement of mathematics students in the private and public senior secondary schools in Guma Local Government Area has been a matter of concern to parents, teachers and administrations, even the students and the general public. This situation does not favour Nigerias move if it would attain her ambition of becoming one of the worlds twenty biggest economies by the year 2020 towards developing scientific and technological culture as context of Nigeria vision. 1.3 Purpose of Study The purpose of this research is geared towards comparing academic

Reflection Agony - 857 Words

Pain , suffrage , agony †¦These are things that we as human beings experience at one point in our lives. The question is , how do we know when these soul-sucking emotions transpire? Let alone , how could we put a label on something that we have never familiarized ourselves with? Theres always the dictionary of course. You can look up a word, define it , and yet still not have the slightest clue as to what your supposed to be feeling in reference to those documented descriptions. Most people use a moment of impact to create a description as to how they react to specific circumstances. Moments of impact much like learning to ride a bike or boarding your first plane become part of your history. The problem with moments like these are†¦show more content†¦And then appeared a smirk along with a tender laugh. I took a look around the room and noticed the weary, hurt faces that formed a consecutive circle around his bed. Then looking back at my uncle , I notice he was still l aughing . He looked so peaceful and content. So much that it reminded me of my uncle, not my ill uncle , but just my uncle . I gazed up at the window as I dozed off for a bit as I stared at the snow. And boy , did my uncle love snow ! These vivid images started to playback into my head . They were memories of him playing with me as a little girl in the snow . I remembered our long talks as he walked me back home. It was the same speech every time , stay in school , be respectful, stay away from boys, they have coo-dies and any other little motivational speech almost every parent gave to their 8 year old child. And yet, I considered him to be the grandest , most wisest person alive .The only person I trusted in giving me advice. Hours passed as we waited for him to wake . We asked him how he was feeling and he cracked a joke saying Couldn t be better. How about you guys ? You all look terrible ! Maybe this is what agony, pain , and suffrage looks like? My uncle however , I never seen him more content, well at least not for a very long time . He had such a strong soul, and yet his nature was so fragile. Its funny because after 7 years of chemo you would think that he would ve grown bald. He had a full head of hairShow MoreRelated Sonnys Blues (An Insight) Essay example572 Words   |  3 Pagesethnic minority and the stagnation they feel, but moreso how two brothers come to understand each other due to their struggles and from years of living their own, very different lives. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Baldwin’s constant, detailed, reflections helped me immensely in understanding this story. I feel that they served as a constant reminder of the social context in which this story takes place. 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Monika Mezyk Essay Example For Students

Monika Mezyk Essay In Ann Radcliffes The Italian, the very first thing that we see described is a veiled woman:It was in the church of San Lorenzo at Naples, in the year 1758, that Vincentio di Vivaldi first saw Ellena di Rosalba. The sweetness and fine expression of her voice attracted his attention to her figure, which had a distinguished air of delicacy and grace; but her face was concealed in her veil. So much was he fascinated by the voice, that a most painful curiosity was excited as to her countenance, which he fancied must express all the sensibility of character that the modulation of her tones indicated (5). Even without knowing anything about Gothic elements, this indicates very clearly what the quality and tone of the book are going to be like. Vivaldis pursuit of the veiled woman is a signal that his is the pursuit of the mysterious, with the certainty that it will be beautiful. This certainly does seem to be a great fascination in the novel; it is a component and often a catalyst for that anxiety which runs throughout. It is this anxiety which causes the heightening of our emotions; our emotions are heightened as we watch the characters pursuit of the mysterious; and our curiosity is excited more and more until we are nearly begging for its gratification. But Radcliffe heightens our emotions without satisfying our curiosity, or at least not enough. For example, the very first chapter establishes a sense of mystery about the assassin in the Church. The Englishman inquires as much for himself as for us about the assassin. His concern and state of shock invoke our own inquiry into this odd circumstance and then his Italian friend tells him a mystery without actually telling him anything:He the assassin sought sanctuary here, replied the friar; within these walls he may not be hurt'(2). He makes it clear that there is a story here but that it is long and suspenseful, maybe shocking:It is much too long to be related now; that would occupy a week; I have it in writing, and will send you the volume' (3). What it is exactly, or what the tale is going to be is only hinted at in a very curiosity invoking way: as if it is a secret. Instead of the Englishman and his Italian friend going down to the street caf and relating the story, the Italian friend says that he will send him something written the following day and then the passage stops. We are tempted, as is the Englishman, by these curious circumstances and yet nothing is revealed to us other that the implication that soon all will be revealed (after a couple hundred pages). What Radcliffe does is that she creates our sensation of terror; she suspends our disbelief that much longer, building our curiosity and our need to know to a brilliant height and then-nothing: the story takes a different turn and gratification is postponed while our expectation and anticipation is increased. This happens in the very beginning passage in which Radcliffe starts The Italian by providing just enough information to suck us into her tale and, then, just as we expect pay off, she postpones it a little further while providing just enough information to keep us intrigued. And, before we know it, we, the reader, are entangled in her Gothic quicksand and greedily reading in search of the secrets she buries before our eyes. When Vivaldi rushes into the Villa after the mysterious cloaked figure that has escaped him, he emerges pale: we know something has happened and await his tale but he tells us nothing, he refuses to say anything and, thus, we are left suspended in the wake of mystery. Another example when we are suspended in the wake of mystery occurs when Vivaldi and Paolo are in the dungeon imagining the garments lying on the floor to be moving. We do not find out whether or not these garments belong to someone murdered until the end of the novel; so this incident leaves us in a state of suspense:It moves! exclaimed Paolo; I see it move! as he said which, he started to the opposite side of the chamber. Vivaldi stepped a few paces back, and as quickly returned; when, determined to know the event at once, he raised the point of his sword, and perceived, beneath, other remains of dress, heaped high together, while even the floor below was stained with gore (77). .u1b1a4c66808f488a4ac348d83e90c101 , .u1b1a4c66808f488a4ac348d83e90c101 .postImageUrl , .u1b1a4c66808f488a4ac348d83e90c101 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u1b1a4c66808f488a4ac348d83e90c101 , .u1b1a4c66808f488a4ac348d83e90c101:hover , .u1b1a4c66808f488a4ac348d83e90c101:visited , .u1b1a4c66808f488a4ac348d83e90c101:active { border:0!important; } .u1b1a4c66808f488a4ac348d83e90c101 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u1b1a4c66808f488a4ac348d83e90c101 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u1b1a4c66808f488a4ac348d83e90c101:active , .u1b1a4c66808f488a4ac348d83e90c101:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u1b1a4c66808f488a4ac348d83e90c101 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u1b1a4c66808f488a4ac348d83e90c101 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u1b1a4c66808f488a4ac348d83e90c101 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u1b1a4c66808f488a4ac348d83e90c101 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u1b1a4c66808f488a4ac348d83e90c101:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u1b1a4c66808f488a4ac348d83e90c101 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u1b1a4c66808f488a4ac348d83e90c101 .u1b1a4c66808f488a4ac348d83e90c101-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u1b1a4c66808f488a4ac348d83e90c101:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Great Wall of China EssayThis leads me to speak of imagination, which is such a huge part in telling the story. There is such an enormous emphasis on perceptions, belief and feelings. It seems that everything that happens is filtered through the lens of one of the various characters. There is a constant projection of their thoughts into what is happening:As they passed, Paolo observed, that the walls were stained with what appeared to be blood (74). It did not necessarily have to be blood, but we see it through Paolos perceptions, which leads us to the most sordid conclusion. Immediately after this, they see a figure standing in the shadows which disappears by the time they arrive; Vivaldi and Paolo conclude that it must have been an evil spirit to haunt them. Although it can be argued that is the sense of the impending danger that gives the book its impetus, it is more probable that it is the perception of the impending danger, of the gruesome, of the revealing that which is dark, which is the impetus. That is a significant difference. By doing this, Radcliffe wants to make sure that we are in sync with the characters thought by thought and breath by breath. A cloudy sky cannot just be shown as a cloudy sky, which would seem depressing to some or not important to others; it has to take the perception and imagination of Vivaldi to make it foreboding. It is also significant that Radcliffe purposefully constructs characters of a susceptible nature, characters that are easily swayed by appearances and not facts. By creating the character of Vivaldi, it seems that Radcliffe has created a character that is more susceptible than the average person to the sublime and the gothic. He calls the strange monk super-human on numerous occasions, overly excited to prove himself correct. The narrator even says as much, hinting that after all the trouble Vivaldi put himself through to discover the identity of the monk, a simple, rational explanation would be disappointing. It seems as if Vivaldi is searching for trouble, in a sense, and he does not shy away from dangers. It also seems that he enjoys the clandestine nightly excursions to the arch where the strange monk appears. To Ellena, just like to Vivaldi, a simple rational explanation would also be disappointing. In volume 2, when Ellena is taken to Spalatro and locked in her room overnight, she begins to suspect an attempt on her life. In the darkness, she imagines moving shadows and creaking floors, yet she is unable to confirm her fears. Instead of using her common sense by thinking that if they really wanted to her dead, they would have killed her before she reached the cabin, she prefers the non-rational explanation of Spalatro trying to assassinate her. Like to Vivaldi, to Ellena just a rational explanation would be disappointing and, to us, the audience, such a rational explanation would decrease our sensation of terror instead of increasing it, which would, in turn, be disappointing to our expectations. Ellenas fears certainly do not seem to be based on evidence. Even when Spalatro brought her the meal, I was not sure if Ellenas fears were justified. It seemed that Ellena was looking for someone to assassinate her, so anything she saw would be a part of that conspiracy; everything Spalatro did would be suspect and it was. Her susceptible nature often led her into the suspicion out of which the novels Gothic tone is constructed; just like Vivaldis and Paolos susceptible natures lead them to jump to most horrifying conclusions earlier in the novel. When talking about perceptions, it is impossible to omit the distinction between the real and unreal in The Italian. The strand of reality, interwoven with fantasy, seems to be a driving force in the plot. In the episode involving Ellena, her suspicions are confirmed; her fantasy becomes confirmed as reality as her fears about Spalatros intentions are confirmed (although not until the end). Of notice is also Vivaldis constant desire to solidify his fantasy (getting married) with Ellena; as if the real thing will finally restrict the fearful possibilities into a single reality. Yet it is this reality from which Vivaldi derives his fearful fantasies. It is this drama between what is real and unreal that gives the novel its impetus. For example, when Marchesa is speaking to Schedoni, they are both thinking of murder, but both refuse to say it, as if doing so would make it more real than merely thinking about it.