The Use of Narratives to Express the Religious Beliefs of People in Wes

The Use of Narratives to Express the Religious Beliefs of People in Western ReligionsFor the layman, familiarity with the major religions stems from the stories that atomic number 18 associated with them. Using the narratives that are derived from the sacred texts is the most prominent flair in which our society identifies the Western religions. The Jewish tradition is best correlated to stories like the Exodus and the parting of the blushing(a) Seas, for example, as are the many tales of the miracles of Jesus connected to Christianity. This essay will present narratives as an easy rule of providing the basic groundwork for the Western apparitional traditions of Judaism, Christianity, and Islam because of their simplicity and easily transmittable nature. Furthermore, narratives impart many of the rules, laws, and moral fundamentals for these faiths, and are used by religious writers as a novel method of initiating discussion or providing a parallel for other narratives.From the beginning of the book of Genesis in the Holy Bible, it is evident that the identity of Jews, Christians, and Muslims in the West hails from biblical narratives. Genesis and its two accounts of creation are an essential starting point for Jewish, Christian, and Islamic beliefs. It provides a foundation for devotees of these religions to worship their God as the ultimate actor of the heavens and earth, day and night, sun and moon, all the animals and vegetation that inhabits the world, and human beings. For Jews and Christians, God created the world in six days, taking rest on the seventh day. moreover in the Islamic tradition of creation, Allahs actions on the seventh day are quite different from the Judeo-Christian beliefs. In the Koran, it states, In six days He c... ...the preferred method of transmitting the religious beliefs of peoples. Furthermore, our modern Western society easily portrays the identity of Christians, Jews, and Muslims through narratives in media, such as t he news, movies, comic books, and television. Because of the way in which stories help people easily grasp the lessons and morals taught by religions, narratives are at the core of the teachings of Islam, Christianity, and Judaism, presenting fundamentals as well as being a resource for writing upon subject matter dealing with the those theologies. Works CitedBuber, Martin. Hasidism and Modern Man. newborn York Horizon Press, year?The Holy Bible. New International Version. Nashville, Tennessee Broadman and Holman Publishers, 1995.The Koran. Trans. N. J. Dawood. New York Penguin Books, 1997Wiesel, Elie. Night. New York Bantam Books, 1960.

The Jump :: First Person Narrative Examples

Anxiety took over my body as I prepared to bound off. The 80 foot waterfall looming atop Turner Falls seemed to be challenging me, beckoning me to come and attempt to plunge from the rock into the waterfall to try to endure the pressure as the water knocked me straightforward down into the deep water and jagged rocks which awaited below. I waited with an eager excitement thinking that if I could take this plunge, I would really be subject to swim with those I saw as the big fish. Waiting on that rock I had no idea that the events following my wait would change that jump from being something I so much desired into something I would be grateful to never personally experience. Ahead of me in line were two brothers, nonpareil 14 years old and the other 17. They were both tall and thin with caramel colored skin. They had wiry black hair and dark brown look and continually chattered back and forth to each other and their mevery other brothers and sisters in Spanish. With an inability to swim, the brothers jumped in with nonhing to aid them but faith that the waters would push them out into shallow safety. The two went under and a fanatic frenzy broke out when random bystanders watching on the sides realized that the boys were not coming up. The lifeguards began frantically blowing their whistles and screaming at everyone, Get out of the water Everybody Out Now With no knowledge of the severity of what was going on, I was more or less in a state of confusion as I looked to the side and saw my mother screaming at me to get off the rock. Needless to say, I went to my mother and within seconds the water was empty, except for the two boys who lay below the surface.One brother was retrieved from the water in only a few moments, not smooth and with ease, as I expected from what Id seen on television, but with severe difficulty, as if he was 1000 pounds of dead weight. The other was nowhere to be found. In a desperate search, the breathless and scared lifeguards came over to the crowd, which had formed aside the water. Do we have any divers in the crowd? Please? Anybody with any experience at all please we need your help. After over 15 minutes of searching and scrambling, finally the second brother was pulled from the water from a spot directly under the waterfall, 19 feet beneath the surface.

Emily Dickinsons My Life Had Stood:A Loaded Gun Essay -- Literature P

Emily Dickinsons My Life Had StoodA Loaded GunEmily Dickinson is a poet known for her cryptic, confusing language. Words are often border together in an unusual way and create deciphering difficulties for the reader. But behind all the confusion is a hidden sum that becomes clear, and one realizes that all the mirthful word choices were chosen for a specific reason. The song I will try to analyze is My Life Had StoodA Loaded Gun, or number 754. I find this to be one of her most difficult poems to decode. However, I find the images fascinating and the last stanza very confusing but intriguing. What I first feeling the poem was ab pop out and what I finally came to a conclusion on are two completely different thoughts. Through answering questions on the poems literary elements, thorough analysis of the words, and rewriting the poem in my own words, I came to the conclusion that the poem is about a person who was interpreted on a journey with someone who saw something in her that was unrealized by anyone else, and the narrator clung to that person through their time together. First, I will treat apart the poem in terms of its use of literary elements. The diction of the poem is abstract and vague, in that its hard for the reader to easily figure what the narrator is really talking about. Dickinson uses particular, specific words for description for example, in stanza four, when talking about a pillow the bird Eider-Duck is mentioned. She could have just utter a ducks or gooses feathers, but she specifically writes Eider-Duck, which I found out is a fowl known for its fluffy feathers (hence the appropriate connection to the pillow). Dickinson also uses the word sovereign when talking about the woods the narrator an... ... because she was simply too shy to step outand then one day someone noticed her for the first time and saw all she had to offer. The rest of the poem is about their journeys together and the relationship that builds among th e two of them. Maybe its the first real relationship with the opposite gender, so she is unsure how to act, and become jealous of the other does, and willing to put him in the first place herself (such as watching over him at night).As shown, Emily Dickinsons cryptic language and literary elements make for an interesting, yet sometimes confusing, poem. Her words and ideas, mixed with her mavin of rhythm and rhyme, work together to produce poetic pieces that are of the highest quality. While the meaning of this poem can be debatedand ones opinion of the meaning can change over time and with many re-readingsit is still a fascinating piece.

The Women’s Army Corps of the Vietnam War :: Vietnam War Essays

The Womens Army Corps of the Vietnam War We went to a foreign country in go of our country . . . we gave aid and boost to a whole segment of our brothers and sisters . . . we survived a war . . . we be noble . . . we are brave . . . we are adventurous . . . we are an active part of manhood history . . . we are interesting . . . we have lived such exciting lives . . . we have gone far beyond the boundaries allowed to most of our sisters . . . we did it together . . . and we still have from each one other. Patricia Mama-san Brimeyer, Army Service Clubs, Vietnam 1968.1IntroductionMale soldiers have a distinct verbalize when they speak of war. Jonathan daybed, M.D., Ph.D., author of Achilles in Vietnam, merchantman best explain the voice of a male soldier. Dr. daybed creates a system that explains how and why male soldiers react to war in the ways they do. Dr. Shays system is found on the story of Achilles in Homers epic The Iliad. The focus of the system is to compare the reactions of Achilles soldiers to war, with the American male soldiers reactions to the Vietnam War.Dr. Shays system is base on eleven stages Betrayal of whats rightThe shrinkage of the social and incorrupt horizonGrief at the dying of a special boyfriendGuilt and wrongful substitutionThe berserkDishonoring the enemyWhat Homer left out (other obvious similarities)The soldiers luck and Gods willReclaiming the Iliads gods as a metaphor of social powerThe breaking points of clean-living existenceHealing and tragedyDuring stage one, the betrayal of whats right, the soldiers moral world is violated by a commanding officers betrayal of the soldiers moral order.2 During the Vietnam War American soldiers see the betrayal of whats right when those who held all of the power and responsibility broke the trust of the soldiers. Stage two, the shrinkage of the social and moral horizon, refers to the breaking of a soldiers family, civilian, and military ties. The social bonds of a soldie r are lost once war begins, sometimes culminating in the come alienation of the soldier from any(prenominal) bonds, social or military. Grief at the death of a special comrade, stage three, is when a dude soldier is killed and his fellow troop members are overwhelmed by the sadness his death.The Womens Army Corps of the Vietnam War Vietnam War EssaysThe Womens Army Corps of the Vietnam War We went to a foreign country in service of our country . . . we gave aid and encouragement to a whole segment of our brothers and sisters . . . we survived a war . . . we are noble . . . we are brave . . . we are adventurous . . . we are an active part of world history . . . we are interesting . . . we have lived such exciting lives . . . we have gone far beyond the boundaries allowed to most of our sisters . . . we did it together . . . and we still have each other. Patricia Mama-san Brimeyer, Army Service Clubs, Vietnam 1968.1IntroductionMale soldiers have a distinct voice when they speak of war. Jonathan Shay, M.D., Ph.D., author of Achilles in Vietnam, can best explain the voice of a male soldier. Dr. Shay creates a system that explains how and why male soldiers react to war in the ways they do. Dr. Shays system is based on the story of Achilles in Homers epic The Iliad. The focus of the system is to compare the reactions of Achilles soldiers to war, with the American male soldiers reactions to the Vietnam War.Dr. Shays system is based on eleven stages Betrayal of whats rightThe shrinkage of the social and moral horizonGrief at the death of a special comradeGuilt and wrongful substitutionThe berserkDishonoring the enemyWhat Homer left out (other obvious similarities)The soldiers luck and Gods willReclaiming the Iliads gods as a metaphor of social powerThe breaking points of moral existenceHealing and tragedyDuring stage one, the betrayal of whats right, the soldiers moral world is violated by a commanding officers betrayal of the soldiers moral order.2 During the Vietnam War American soldiers experienced the betrayal of whats right when those who held all of the power and responsibility broke the trust of the soldiers. Stage two, the shrinkage of the social and moral horizon, refers to the breaking of a soldiers family, civilian, and military ties. The social bonds of a soldier are lost once war begins, sometimes culminating in the complete alienation of the soldier from any bonds, social or military. Grief at the death of a special comrade, stage three, is when a fellow soldier is killed and his fellow troop members are overwhelmed by the sadness his death.

My Educational Philosophy :: Philosophy of Education Teaching Teachers Essays

My Educational Philosophy My true love for education began on the first day of first grade. I was selected to take the attending sheet to the office. There was a problem. I did not know where the office was. After circling the entire b ar(a) school four times, I opened a random door and walked in crying about my dilemma. The teacher, Mrs. Rohal, consoled me and gave me the best advice ever, everyone makes mistakes, and it is okay because it is an grave part of learning. She then(prenominal) took me to where I needed to be and wished me luck. Right then and there she became my inspiration and soon after, my teacher. She, along with many other teachers, made learning fun and desirable. I have always enjoyed learning and the feeling I got when I was reinforced for doing a good job. I believe all students should feel this way, and I have a strong desire to instill these analogous experiences to the future generations of young elementary school students. My educat ional philosophy would be considered eclectic. It would be a combination of an idealist and a pragmatist. In order to be an effective teacher, I believe it is necessary to possess a teaching style that is both traditional and facilitated. Since I plan on teaching elementary school, I feel that it is imperative that it is teacher directed, and in a traditional way. On the other hand, I think that it is a comfortable environment when the students are arranged in small groups or in a circle arrangement like facilitated classrooms. I also intend on having a comfortable, supporting(a) classroom in which artwork and exceptional work are hung up as reinforcement for their efforts and success As an idealist, I believe that it is extremely important to be organized and know the content well in order to convey this knowledge to the students. I think that if the students know that they are valued as individuals in the classroom, they will be more willing to push themsel ves to learn even the difficult material, and it will build their self-esteem which is very important in the elementary school years.

My Educational Philosophy :: Philosophy of Education Teaching Teachers Essays

My Educational Philosophy My true love for education began on the first day of first grade. I was selected to take the attendance sheet to the office. There was a problem. I did not know where the office was. After circling the entire wide-eyed school four times, I opened a random door and walked in crying about my dilemma. The teacher, Mrs. Rohal, consoled me and gave me the best advice ever, everyone makes mistakes, and it is okay because it is an important part of learning. She and then took me to where I needed to be and wished me luck. Right then and there she became my inspiration and soon after, my teacher. She, along with many other teachers, made learning fun and desirable. I have got always enjoyed learning and the feeling I got when I was reinforced for doing a good job. I believe all students should feel this way, and I have a strong desire to instill these same experiences to the future generations of young elementary school students. My education al philosophy would be considered eclectic. It would be a junto of an idealist and a pragmatist. In order to be an effective teacher, I believe it is necessary to possess a teaching style that is both handed-down and facilitated. Since I plan on teaching elementary school, I feel that it is imperative that it is teacher directed, and in a traditional way. On the other hand, I think that it is a comfortable environment when the students are arranged in small groups or in a circle arrangement like facilitated classrooms. I also intend on having a comfortable, encouraging classroom in which artwork and exceptional work are hung up as reinforcement for their efforts and mastery As an idealist, I believe that it is extremely important to be organized and know the content well in order to convey this knowledge to the students. I think that if the students know that they are valued as individuals in the classroom, they give be more willing to push themselves to l earn even the difficult material, and it will build their self-esteem which is very important in the elementary school years.

Motivation, Intelligence Essay

Second language breeding is the process of study a divergent language other than adepts mother tongue resulting in the ability of an individual to handling one or more languages different from his stolon language. It can take place in a natural setting or through classroom instructions however, the degree of proficiency differs (Gomleksiz, 2001).Learning is a conscious process that includes thorough explanation of grammar rules, practice of those rules, as well as memorizing lists of vocabulary, usually in a classroom setting (Wisniewski, 2007). Learners usually use their culture, first language, environment, background and personal experiences among others to learn a uphold language.Second Language learning is striked by the different situations of different people. For instance, it can be for fond or academic purposes. Learners are come uponed by many factors in the second language acquisition process such as level of cognitive development, socio-economic and cultural bac kground, age, motivation or ability and intelligence (Gomleksiz, 2001 Wisniewski, 2007). This paper will however concentrate on how intelligence or dexterity and motivation affect the learning of a second language.According to (Wisniewski, 2007), second language learning process differs from first language acquisition, with the latter taking place usually from infancy in a community using a specific language and affected mainly by neurological developments in the brain (McCain, 2000) while the condition taking place usually in schools or later in life and affected by age and associated characteristics (McCain, 2000).It is necessary to draw a preeminence between foreign language and second language learning. According to (Wisniewski, 2007), a language learnt in a community that uses a different mother tongue, is verbalise to be a foreign language, and the process, a foreign language learning. For instance, a Kenyan student learning French in Kenya is said to be learning a foreig n language, since French is non the common language in Kenya. In contrast, a language learnt in a community that uses the language, is said to be a second language. For instance, a Kenyan student cartooning is Spain will study Spanish as a second language.According to Holt (2001), motivation in second language learning is the learners orientation with regard to the goal of learning a second language. It is a desire for learning (Gomleksiz, 2001). That is, it is the versed force or strength that drives an individual toward learning a second language. A below average student with the motivation to learn a second language is equivalents to succeed than an intelligent student non motivated. Motivation is divided into two basic types- endogenetic and instru amiable (Holt, 2001 McCain, 2000).Integrative motivation is the learners positive lieu towards the target language radical and the desire to integrate into that target language community. For instance, if an individual loves an d would like to identify with the Maasai community, he would learn their language. It is supposition that students near successful in learning a target language are those who like the people that speak the language, admire the culture and birth a desire to become familiar with or regular integrate into the society in which the language is used (J. Falk 1978) cited in Holt (2001).This kind of motivation is essential in helping an individual assimilated in a community to develop nearly proficiency in the language and also in developing a genial life with the people in the community, especially if it is the only language widely spoken. It becomes a necessity. instrumental motivation on the other hand, underlies the goal to gain some social or economic reward through the second language. It is a more plyal reason for language learning. For instance, an individual who would like to be an oxygenize hostess may learn other languages to enable her easily get the job.The end of instr umental motivation is basically utilitarian such as confluence the requirements of a school, job or achievement of high gearer social status (Holt, 2001). In this case, the second language acquisition takes place with little or no integration in the community using the language however, this knowledge comes in handy if one is to ever visit the community. Factors other than social integration necessitate the acquisition of the second language.Both forms of motivation are essential for success in the learning of a second language, however, integrative motivation has been found to have long term success (Crookes and Schmidt, 1991). Instrumental motivation has only been acknowledged as a significant factor in some research, whereas integrative motivation is continually linked to successful second language acquisition (Holt, 2001). According to Holt (2001),Generally students select instrumental reasons more frequently than integrative reasons for the study of a second language. Those wh o choose an integrative approach to language study are usually more highly motivated and in overall more successful. (n.p)Instrumental motivation can only be successful if the student is provided with an opportunity to actively use the language and possibly interact with the community of the target group otherwise, the language is easily forgotten as it was only a means to an end. Interaction with the community of the target language helps the student learn more than what is learnt in class such as accent, expression and a whole new words and the context of usage usually, the student is exposed more to language users than in a class setting. Interaction helps the learner solve his or her problems in the learning process.The language becomes part of the student and the degree of proficiency is higher, this is why integrative motivation has far higher long term success rates. The knowledge of the language becomes more than just professional. For students however, instrumental motivati on is usually the major rudimentary factor for the study of the language (Holt, 2001).Holt (2001) in citing H. D. Brown (2000) states that, both integrative and instrumental motivations are not necessarily mutually exclusive. Learners rarely select one form of motivation when learning a second language, but rather a combination of both orientations. For instance, a Spanish student wishing to study in the U.K will learn face both as a requirement for academic purposes and also to enable her integrate well in the English community.According to Teepen (n.d), intelligence and aptitude are significant virtually in all aspects of second language learning. Regardless of all other factors like age, personality, attitude and motivation, some people happen to be better at learning a second language than others (Bot, Lowie, and Verspoor, 2005).The writers at http//www.slideshare.net/cupidlucid/3-factors- modify-l2-learning-presentation (n.d) refer to intelligence as the mental abilities meas ured by an Intelligence Quotient (IQ) test, usually measuring the Verbal or Linguistic and Mathematical or Logical intelligence and in some cases, Spatial, Interpersonal, Intrapersonal and melodic intelligence (Bot, Lowie, and Verspoor, 2005).Research findings indicate that intelligence, is a strong factor in language learning that involves language analysis and rule learning. In this case, intelligence has a strong positive relation with second language learning (Teepen, n.d.). It was however found to be of less importance in language learning that focuses on communication and interaction (http//www.slideshare.net/cupidlucid/3-factors-affecting-l2-learning-presentation, n.d.). Intelligence is complex as it has various dimensions thus giving people different abilities and strengths. Therefore, an individual with strong academic performance does not necessarily make a second language learning success story.The writers at http//www.slideshare.net/cupidlucid/3-factors-affecting-l2-lea rning-presentation (n.d.) also describe aptitude as the potential for achievement and that it is knowing to make a prediction about an individuals future achievements. Aptitude can be seen as a characteristic that is similar to intelligence, which cannot be altered through training (Bot et al. 2005).Aptitude for language learning is usually composed of the ability to identify and memorize new sounds, the ability to understand the function of particular words in sentences, the ability to figure out grammatical rules from language samples and finally, the ability to memorize new words and phrases (Bot et al. 2005). A persons inherent capability of second-language learning is called Language Learning aptitude (Bot et al. 2005).A number of language aptitude tests have been developed to assess language aptitude, the most common being the Modern Language Aptitude Test (MLAT) by Carroll and Sapon (1959) and the Pimsleaur Language Aptitude Battery (PLAB) by Pimsleaur in 1966. Both tests ha ve shown high correlations with proficiency scores in schools, however, the tests are completely geared towards formal second-language learning and in particular, the way in which the language is taught in classrooms (Bot et al. 2005).Past researches have also revealed significant findings. A significant positive relationship between aptitude for language learning taught with grammar translation or audio-lingual methods, but conflicting to second language learning taught with a more communicative approach, that is, with a focus on meaning rather than on form (http//www.slideshare.net/cupidlucid/3-factors-affecting-l2-learning-presentation, n.d). Just like in intelligence, successful language learners are not necessarily strong in all the components of aptitude.In conclusion, success in second language learning depends on many factors motivation, aptitude and intelligence are just a number of important ones. For motivation, it has been found that, motivated students are more successf ul than those not motivated. Motivation is the most important factor compared to intelligence and aptitude, though it has to be considered in light of other factors. This is because, as long as an individual is motivated, even if his IQ and aptitude are low, he will be able to succeed in language learning. In a nutshell, the greater the motivation, intelligence and aptitude levels of a student, the greater the chances of succeeding in learning a second language.ReferencesBot, D. K., Lowie, W. and Verspoor, M. (2005). Second Language Acquisition An advancedResource Book. Madison Avenue, New York Routledge employ LinguisticsCrookes, G., & Schmidt R.W. (1991). Motivation Reopening the research agenda. LanguageLearning, Vol. 41, No. 4, p. 469-512.Gomleksiz, M. N. (2001). The effects of Age and Motivation in Second Language Acquisition.Firat University Journal of Social Science, Vol. 11, No. 17, p. 217-224Factors affecting Second Language Learning. Accessed April 29, 2010 fromhttp//www .slideshare.net/cupidlucid/3-factors-affecting-l2-learning-presentation, n.d)Holt, J. N. (2001). Motivation as a Contributing factor in Second Language Acquisition. TheInternet TESL Journal, Vol. 7, No. 6. Accessed April 28, 2010 from http//iteslj.org/Articles/Norris-Motivation.htmlMcCain, J. (2000). Language Acquisition and emotive Variables. Accessed April 28, 2010 fromhttp//serendip.brynmawr.edu/biology/b103/f00/web3/mccain3.htmlTeepen, J. (n.d.). On the Relationship between Aptitude and Intelligence inSecond Language Acquisition. Columbia University Working Papers in TESOL & Applied Linguistics, Vol. 4. Accessed April 29, 2010 from http//journals.tc-library.org/index.php/tesol/ condition/viewFile/69/75

Race and Ethnicity in Childhood Obesity Essay

Many primordial life risk factors for puerility fleshiness are more prevalent among blacks and Hispanics than among whites and may explain the higher preponderance of obesity among racial/ ethnic minority children. Eliminating racial/ethnic disparities in health and health care is a national priority, and obesity is a prime target. During the last 30 years in the United States, the prevalence of obesity among children has dramatically increased, sparing no age group.obesity in puerility is associated with adverse cardio-metabolic outcomes such(prenominal) as hypertension, hyperlipidemia, and type II diabetes and with other long-term adverse outcomes, including two physical and psychosocial consequences. By the preschool years, racial/ethnic disparities in obesity prevalence are already present, suggesting that disparities in childhood obesity prevalence have their origins in the earliest stages of life. Several risk factors during pregnancy are associated with increased risk of offspring obesity, including excessive maternal gestational weight gain, gestational diabetes, and smoking during pregnancy, antenatal depression, and biological stress.During infancy and early childhood, rapid infant weight gain, infant feeding practices, sleep duration, childs diet, physical activity, and sedentary practices are associated with the using of obesity. Studies have found substantial racial/ethnic differences in many of these early life risk factors for childhood obesity.It is possible that racial/ethnic differences in early life risk factors for obesity might contribute to the high prevalence of obesity among minority preschool-age children and beyond. Understanding these differences may help in progress to the construct of clinical and public health interventions and policies to reduce the prevalence of childhood obesity and snuff out disparities among racial/ethnic minority children.Race and Ethnicity in Childhood corpulency Race is a group whose inherited phy sical characteristics distinguish it from other groups. Races refer to broad division of people based on their biological characteristics such as color of skin, color of hair and their facial features. These differences developed among humans in prehistoric times due to different groups of people developing in different parts of the world isolated from each other.Originally all humans in the world belonged to one of the other of these pure races. However in todays world it is difficult to find people of that time. Most of the people living now have mixed racial ancestry. Ethnicity refers to the common characteristics of a group of people that distinguish them from almost other people of the same society. Ethnicity is based on commonality of ancestry, culture, language, nationality, or religion, or a combination of these things.biological characteristics that play a part in racial differences may be visible in an ethnic group, but these characteristic do not form a criteria for defi ning an ethnic group. Although childhood obesity is increasing in all ethnic and racial groups, its prevalence is higher in nonwhite populations. The reasons for the differences in prevalence of obesity among groups are complex, likely involving genetics, physiology, culture, socioeconomic emplacement, environment and interactions among these variables as well as others not fully recognized. The relationship between race and ethnicity in childhood obesity is that obesity disproportionately affects certain minority youth populations.NHANES found that African American and Mexican American adolescents ages 12-19 were more likely to be overweight, at 21 percent and 23 percent respectively, than non-Hispanic White adolescents (14 percent). In children 6-11 years old, 22 percent of Mexican American children were overweight, whereas 20 percent of African American children and 14 percent of non-Hispanic White children were overweight. In addition to the children and teens that were overwei ght in 1999-2002, another 15 percent were at risk of becoming overweight.In a national survey of American Indian children 5-18 years old, 39 percent were found to be overweight or at risk for overweight. In most of the states examined, blacks had the highest prevalence (number of existing cases in a defined group of people during a specific time period) of obesity, followed by Hispanics, and then whites. Greater prevalences of obesity for non-Hispanic blacks and whites were found in the Midwest and South. Among Hispanics lower prevalence was observed in the Northeast compared to other regions.At least three reasons may greenback for the racial and ethnic differences in obesity. First, racial and ethnic groups differ in behaviors that contribute to weight gain second explanation may be differences in individual attitudes and cultural norms related to body weight. A third explanation may be differences in access to affordable, healthful foods and safe locations to be physically activ e this limited access may negatively impact diet and physical activity levels. An ethnic group as subpopulations is that low -income and some racial and ethnic subpopulations are more likely to suffer from obesity.Inequities in the physical and social environment may contribute to disparities in pediatric obesity, but in that location is little empirical evidence to date. This study explored whether neighborhood-level socioeconomic factors attenuate racial and ethnic disparities in obesity among youth in the USA and whether individual-level socioeconomic status (SES) interacts with neighborhood deprivation. In addition, although some of the risk factors for obesity are relatively ubiquitous in settings where American children and youth spend their time in the prom or at home, epidemiologic evidence shows that African-American, Hispanic/ Latino, American Indian/Alaska.Native, and Pacific Islander populations and children experiencing poverty are more likely to live in environments with inadequate support for health-promoting behaviors. Assessing the impact of these different environments presents an enormous challenge for tracking progress against obesity in diverse populations. Racial/ethnic minority children knuckle under a disproportionate share of the burden of obesity and its related comorbidities. The degree of obesity also differs among racial/ethnic minority children. Compared to non-Hispanic white children, non-Hispanic black girls and Hispanic boys had almost 2-fold greater odds of being severely obese.The urban populations of the United States are at a higher risk for obesity than their suburban and countrified counterparts. The ethnicity of the urban residents plays a factor in their obesity. In the USA the prevalence of overweight among children aged 412 years rose twice as fast in Hispanic and AfricanAmerican groups compared with white groups over the period 19861998. The socioeconomic aspect of the urban area neighborhoods is also a large fa ctor in the obesity of American urban youth. Culture can influence the utilization of health services affecting thelikelihood that childhood obesity can be prevented or effectively treated in specific ethnic groups. Although physical activity is obviously important in energy balance, intense physical activity interventions in obese children have produced only small changes in body weight, with somewhat greater changes in metabolic and cardiovascular indexes. Obesity is disproportionately prevalent among racial/ethnic minority children and recent trends suggest these disparities are widening.Our findings suggest that modifiable risk factors throughout the life course, including factors during infancy and early childhood, as well as social conditions in childhood and trans-generational obesity, are critical to understanding how disparities in childhood obesity arise.They also imply that efforts to eliminate racial/ethnic disparities in childhood obesity should focus on preventing the se early life risk factors in spite of appearance the socio-environmental context in which they occur. Studies of race and health frequently invoke racism, prejudice, and discrimination as possible reasons for high levels of morbidity and mortality among black and among other racial and ethnic minorities. Obesity is highly stigmatized in our society.Overweight and obese individuals are vulnerable to negative bias, prejudice and discrimination in many different settings, including the workplace, educational institutions, and health care facilities and even within interpersonal relationships. Despite the increasing prevalence of obesity, it appears that incidences of weight discrimination are only becoming worse. Obesity now affects one in five children in the United States. Discrimination against overweight children begins early in childhood and becomes progressively institutionalized. Because obese children tend to be taller than their no overweight peers, they are apt to be viewed as more mature.The inappropriate expectations that result may have an adverse effect on their socialization. References Reilly JJ, Armstrong J, Dorosty AR, et al. Early life risk factors for obesity in childhood cohort study. BMJ. 2005 330(7504) 1357 http//pediatrics. aappublications. org/content/125/4/686. full Kimbro RT, Brooks-Gunn J, McLanahan S. Racial and ethnic differentials in overweight and obesity among 3-year-old children. Am J Public Health. 2007 97(2) 298305 Wang YC, Gortmaker SL, Taveras EM. Trends and racial/ethnic disparities in severe obesity among US children and adolescents, 1976-2006.International journal of pediatric obesity IJPO an official journal of the International Association for the Study of Obesity. 2010 Mar 17 http//www. ncbi. nlm. nih. gov/pmc/articles/PMC3835398/ http//www. ncbi. nlm. nih. gov/books/NBK24680/ Puhl, R. M. , Andreyeva, T. , & Brownell, K. D (2008). Perceptions of weight discrimination prevalence and comparison to race and gender disc rimination in America. International Journal of Obesity. doi 10. 1038/ijo. 2008. 22 http//www. obesityaction. org/educational-resources/resource-articles-2/weight-bias/weight- discrimination-a-socially-acceptable-injustice.

Managing Human Resources in Health and Social Care

1. IntroductionHuman Resource Management (HRM) is the function within an nerve that focuses on the recruitment of, way and providing direction for the people who institute in the organisation.Managing human resources is an important part of an organisation to look the process for recruiting and designing strategies for building an in force(p) team. The report leave alone explain the systems for monitoring and promoting the development of somebodys, and to downstairs pay the approaches for managing people working in the easilyness and social c be (Armstrong, 2006). The introduced policies and practices bequeathing be explained with respect to the organisation related to employment that will aim to maintain the well being of the employee and good relationship between the mental faculty and the management. This plays a major role in an employment setting as the staff will be realise that they lose responsibility and inquireed that the company would benefit from.In consid ering the factors when planning a recruitment of individual who works in the health c atomic number 18 setting,the HR Director has to increase staff retention in order to reduce future provision, and whether the organisations need an amelioratement in the future and besides identify if staff needs training in health and social care setting (Reward,2014).The director has to focus on recruitment cost much(prenominal) as external and internal recruitment, time, experiences, numbers of employees, location, organisational structure, flexibility, quality and quantity of the line of credit, the legislation, policies of the home, retention, roles and responsibilities. The two main factors are cost and time.The HR should plan the budget, in to how much money they have to spend in terms of managing the needs of the home and how to cut down on spending.The use of strategies by manager requires time planning for recruiting staff, as it takes time to arrange interviews and training, theref ore planning time is important for the organisation as different aspects can be covered in a brusk period of time if planned correctly.Job Analysis includes forgathering information necessary for the development of an organisation. A job analysis is the process used to collect information ab let out the duties, responsibilities, necessary skills, outcomes, and work environment of a particular job. It includes collecting as much data as possible to put unitedly a quality job description, which is the frequent outcome of the job analysis. Additional outcomes include recruitment plans, position postings, advertisements, and performance development planning within an organisations performance management system (management concepts, 2014).Job Description entails roles, responsibilities, duties, reporting and structuring and Job Specification are skills, experience, qualification, salary, full time or part time.There are number of factors to consider before and during the recruitment s election, pre-selection, post selection and advertising.Advertising is the best way to reach the target mark for applicant for an organisation some of the slipway to advert are by newspaper, radio television, magazine and online.The purpose of selection is to identify the most suitable applicant for the job this can be through with(p) by interview, presentations, short listing and aptitude testing, these are the most common methods that can be used to select the right candidate.In the interview, an employer would ramp up a ratiocination if the candidate has given more information in a payard way, and the most suitable applicant can be chosen from the short listing, interview, application form and references.Short listing allows managers to chose candidates from the pile of applicants that has been shortlisted for an interview, and should be the ones that the manager has gone through their application form and reading their CVs and covering letter to pick the best out of the re st to know if they have the qualification, skills and experience for the job that they applied for (Torrington at el, 2009).Interviews can be face to face where the manager will cross escort with the individuals and decide if they have sufficient skills that will persuade the employer to make a decision of employing the individual (ibid).The references can be obtained from the individuals previous job that the employer will use as an evidence to support the application. Also,aptitude testing can be done by assessing skills of the applicant such as numeracy skill and cognitive skills and separate skills that job demands.Understanding the legislative framework which is relevant to the recruitment process will allow individuals in the St Patricks nursing home to give and select leadership and co-workers that can develop sound teams that influence understanding to these policy which relate to the health and social care settings Armstrong (2006).The purpose of home region laws is to protect human rights of individuals especially in the care settings. Employers and supervisors have to understand the responsibility and must ensure that the workforce provides equal opportunity for different races, genders and religion.The equal proceeding 2010 is suitable for the health and social care settings which cover Equal Pay Act 1970, Sex Discrimination Act 1975, Race Relation Act 1976, Disability Discrimination Act 1995, Employment Equality (religion or belief) enactment 2003, Employment Equality (age) regulation 2006, Equality Act 2006, Equality Act (sexual orientation) regulation 2007.In the case where St Patricks nursing home have a low pay facility, equal pay act 1970 can be considered this act is an proceedsive legal framework for preventing discrimination against low pay. In the playing theater where the nursing home fails to provide a good atmosphere, poor working conditions and working big hours this comes under the law of health and safety act 1974 this a ct is provision for securing the safety and welfare of the person at work and to protect individual against guess to health. The area of favouritism will come under race relation act 1976, it is unlawful to treat individual less favourably than other on racial ground and also it also covers colour, nationality and ethnic or national origins.The different approaches to be used when selecting the most suitable applicant for the job are interviews, application forms, presentations, references, CV and aptitude testing.Interview can be face to face which can be cross checking with the individual and this is how manager will decide if they have sufficient information that persuades them to make a decision of employing the individual (ibid).The references can be obtained from the individuals previous job, which the employer will use as a form of evidence to support the application.During interviews, the candidates would be observed, aptitude test would be given, and candidates would have the 6 Cs, which is the Quality Care Commission Standard for health and Social Care Setting Care, Compassion, Commitment, Courage, Communication, and Competency.To select the best candidate after interview, it must be one or two candidate that clearly stand out, and to select one of the them, the manager should involve the deputy manager to discuss the outcome in the interview of the candidate and also share the results of any comments from references, and other background checks, and this process can be repeated for each candidate after all has been discussed, then the best can be listed, also vote can be carried out between the managers to select the right candidate (Hunt, 2007),According to Tuchmans (1965) theories, team communication is a method of development In a good team player, a good personality, egotism awareness, self development and motivation to carry out their responsibilities and roles perfectly and which is progressing are measure into 4 stage which areIn Formin g, a leader will prepare to take their responsibilities, roles and read to build relationships and process with other member of teams and also be tolerant as the team will be digesting for the first time and they will be highly dependent on their leader for focal point and direction.The next stage will be Storming, this is where decisions do not come easily within a free radical as team member would indispensableness to use position to establish themselves which can bring challenging behaviour, conflict, uncertainties, disagreement from other team members and can ultimately result in some breathing out of focus on the cultures or task.The other stage is Norming, this is where goals are clarified and accepted by the leader and teams, here decision are made and group members are strong and show commitment and unity.In the last stage which is the performing, this is where the team in St Patricks home could put in place as they will need to use strategic awareness, because at th is stage they know clearly what to do as to improve in the area of working performance. In addition, group members disagreements should have resolved and achieved their goals.To met the performances and satisfaction of the organisation depends on collaborative team-working, it is a process of working together in a group in order to achieve a goal, put together their knowledge, skills and give accurate feedback and also able to manage their conflicts without affecting the jobIt is important to manage effective teams work in St Patricks Nursing home as staff members were often blamed for not communicating important messages to one another whilst on shift and also not handing over effectively at the end of their shift, and coming to work just to do their shift and go home.Building a team requires effort, knowledge, skills and it is an ongoing cyclical process. It is important as a group to lookout for things that could stop the members not to achieve their goals, for example, overleap of clear goals can effect the team performance in the case where staff members fail to pass an important message to one another, this could cause problem in the case if an individual medication was changed during the shift and the staff was told to pass it on to the next person in charge, the ignorance to pass an important message can put an individual health at endangerment.The interpersonal conflict and distrust can cause lack of trust, oppressiveness and communication and it can also slowdown day-to-day activities. It can stand in the way of resolving conflict that might arise as the group makes decisions. This can be overcome if the team focuses on the work and improve interpersonal skills in order to complete their task effectively the team needs to appoint a team player that can be in charge to the supervisor and be accountable for the group performance, and this team player should be able to listen to members and be open to constructive criticism.In the area of handover, w ith good communication and cooperation, full details of all that happens in the shift must be discussed to the next person in charge to avoid risk to health. For example, giving proper handovers on each shift. In the handover, nurse in charge should give clear information and all members of staff should be present, and required training for updating new skills on a yearly bases should be practices at at all times. (Armstrong, 2009).performance that can be monitored individual in the health and social care, can be managing team rate and performance of employees by meeting and improved target or goal that can meet in the area of team management, staff performance and individual care.Effective communication is seen when team progress can be established through well decision making. The team that makes the right decision at the appropriate times will able to make the best decisions that can be of aid. They must stress on advantages and disadvantages that will encourage them meet t heir goals.Supervision can be seen when individuals assess their own personal effectiveness and line managers are closely involved in decision-making enabling them to have a clear target.Reflective is seen when a staff is able to reflect on its own thought it the best way to develop the area that was not met. With this practice, staff is able to gain new skill and knowledge that they can be applied in their day-to-day work.An observation is where note will be taken into what has happened to the tasks that were given, whether it is going on the right direction or according to plan, in the case where the plan has not achieved the goals, there should be a feedback to expertnessen the standard practice in place in order to enable self reflection and open dialogue between employee and management. ..Assessing individual training and development is an event that provides a learning and practice in order to prepare the workforce to motivate to jobs that will benefit the employees and emplo yers. Training will help individuals understand their role, their responsibility in order to maintain skills and experiences in using the system, equipments and handling serviced users in the area of caring.Training and past experience can also help develop talent, capabilities and ability.To identify training and development needs, it can be information through colleagues or attitude on the responsibility on jobs role lack of ability to complete taskin the positive way the organisation can encourage employees by empowering them in the area of development to become independent, self motivating and self development.In order to promote continued development, it is the responsibility of the work place and it is an empolyees hard work in the organisation that can lead to increase performance and satisfaction and the ideal is to commit and creates a willingness that can build up exert effort for the organisation. An employer should create a way to encourage employee by providing learning aid and training to promote development (Armstrong and Baron, 1998).Leadership is a process of influencing the activities of an organised group in its effort towards goal setting and goal achievement (Stogdill, 1950). Formanaging work relationship, it is important to have a good relationship with your boss and also colleagues. Staffs need to communicate effectively and socialise with one another in the workplace. Communication is defined as the passing along of information and understanding from one person to another person or group, and this requires good earshot which can sometimes be difficult as people intend to do the talking and to be a good listener, there is a need to look at the person face and body language. (Sussman, 1984).Making better relationship in St Patricks Nursing Home, the HR manager has to organise events such as christmas parties, staff meetings where they can discuss about work issues and socialise at the end of the meeting.In most organisations, staff relat ionship affect the work as it is part of their life which makes them earn a living. (Lectures in Class).In health and social care setting, staff care about their clients and they still have to work home searching about illness or new information which they have come across or they phone their colleagues doing the same job communicating with them whether they knew this new information or they have heard about it. If they find anything relating to this topic it would be passed on during handovers, or study days or staff meetings (Lectures in Class).Travers. W., A. (1998), states that group meetings benefit employees as they would have better understanding of organisation and have greater influence on the decisions.A form of job enrichment and effusion would improve morale and errors can be preventedMy own development at my workplace has been influenced by management by actively participating in areas that will boost my confidence and skills at workEffective communication is managem ent-arranged training for all the staff based on improving communication skills among staff and clients under our care. Also, documentation was made effective as a means to remind staff of their responsibilities and to create awareness of the need to communicate effectively.Reflective account appoint me to reflect on how effective my job role means and how to meet up with the work expectations. It allowed to reflect on my strengths and areas of weaknesses that needs support from the management.Medication competency This is the gained knowledge during my studies and improved greatly working with others and management supports through training on medication competency. It includes how to minimise errors and undertake quarterly medication audit to make sure staff is working according to NMC and company guidelines.Supervision, this has been a great area for me to help and keep me on track with the company policies and procedures, awareness of my strength and weaknesses, to express m y concerns regarding the job and most especially to discuss my personal development plans.These sessions had really helped me to improve my skills, Knowledge and awareness of changes for future development. In mydevelopment Plan, my goal is to stand out from being a staff nurse to achieve a higher qualification in the future. With the aid of the management during supervision, I raised my concern and the management encouraged me to progress ahead. I also had the opportunity to work flexible hours and source some information from the work place.Also he has to plan for recruiting and what are the reason for the expansion of St Patricks Nursing home and also to put in place plans for retirement, death, sickness holiday, termination, dismissal, materity.ReferencesArmstrong M and Baron A 1998, Armstrongs vade mecum of Reward Management practice improving performance through reward forth edition CIPDWelcome to smallbusiness.chron.com (online)Assessed 15/03/2014.Welcome to leaders recrui tment.co.uk (online) http//www.leadersinrecruitment.co.uk/ (Assessed, 14/03/2014).Oxford University Press 2014 Overview behavioural observation scaleTorrington .D. Hall .L. Taylor .S. Atkinson .c. (2009)welcome to hse.gov.uk (online) Available from http//www.hse.gov.uk/legislation/hswa.htm Assessed, 26/5/2014Lewis, C., 1985. Employee Selection. London Hutchison, pp157Beard, J., and Clayton, J., 2007. Human Resources Management 5th Edition. A Contemporary Approach. print in Great Britain 1994.Blundel, R., and Ippolito. , 2008. Effective organisation Communication. Third Edition. Perspective, Principles and Practice. Published by Prentice Hall in 1996 in Great Britain.Cummins, T, G., and Worley, C, G., 2003. Organisation Development and Change. southmost Western Mason, Ohio.Sussman, L., and Deep, D., S COMEX The communication companionship in Human Relations, Southwestern Publishing Co., Cincinnati, 1984 pp.3-4.Travers, A. W., 1998. Supervision Techniques and New Dimensions 2nd E dition. Printed in the United States of America.Kolb, D, A., 1984. Experiential Learning. Experience as the source of learning and Development. Englewood Cliff N.J Prentice Hall.Welcome manager menthelp.org (online) Available http/www.managermenthelp.org/staffing/hiring.htmhire Access,29/5/2014

The Da Vinci Code Chapter 44-47

CHAPTER 44Ten digits, Sophie said, her cryptologic senses tingling as she studied the print bug out.13-3-2-21-1-1-8-5Grand-pere wrote his estimate bit on the Louvre floorWhen Sophie had first affectn the scrambled Fibonacci sequence on the parquet, she had assumed its sole purpose was to encourage DCPJ to c completely in their cryptographers and pop Sophie involved.Later, she effected the numbers were also a clue as to how to decipher the other lines a sequence out of ordera numeric anagram.Now, utterly amazed, she byword the numbers had a much important meaning still. They were al virtually certainly the final key to opening her granddaddys mysterious safe- deposit box.He was the master of two-baser-entendres, Sophie said, routine to Langdon. He loved any thing with multiple layers of meaning. Codes within codes.Langdon was already moving toward the electronic podium near the conveyor belt. Sophie grabbed the computer printout and followed.The podium had a keypad connatur al to that of a bank ATM terminal. The screen displayed the banks cruci wee-wee logo. Beside the keypad was a triangular hole. Sophie wasted no time inserting the shaft of her key into the hole.The screen impertinent instantly.ACCOUNT NUMBER _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _The cursor blinked. Waiting.Ten digits.Sophie read the numbers off the printout, and Langdon typed them in.ACCOUNT NUMBER 1 3 3 2 2 1 1 1 8 5When he had typed the last digit, the screen refreshed again. A message in several languages appeared. English was on top. admonishBefore you strike the enter key, please check the accuracy of your account number.For your own security, if the computer does not recognize your account number, this system give mechanically shut down.Fonction terminer,Sophie said, frowning. Looks handle we notwithstanding get one try. Standard ATM machines allowed users three attempts to type a PIN before confiscating their bank card. This was obviously no ordinary cash machine.The number looks right, Lan gdon confirmed, carefully checking what they had typed and comparing it to the printout. He motioned to the ENTER key. Fire a counselling.Sophie extended her index finger toward the keypad, nevertheless hesitated, an odd thought in a flash hitting her. Go ahead, Langdon urged. Vernet will be back soon. No. She pulled her hand away. This isnt the right account number. Of course it is Ten digits. What else would it be? Its too haphazard.Too random? Langdon could not have disagreed more. Every bank sensible its customers to choose PINs at random so nobody could guess them. Certainly clients here would be advised to choose their account numbers at random.Sophie deleted everything she had just typed in and looked up at Langdon, her gaze self-assured. Its far too coincidental that this supposedly random account number could be tack togetherranged to form the Fibonacci sequence.Langdon realized she had a point. Earlier, Sophie had rearranged this account number into the Fibonacci sequ ence. What were the odds of being able to do that?Sophie was at the keypad again, entering a different number, as if from memory. Moreover, with my grandfathers love of symbolism and codes, it seems to follow that he would have chosen an account number that had meaning to him, something he could easily remember. She finished typewriting the entry and gave a sly smile. Something that appeared random but was not. Langdon looked at the screen.ACCOUNT NUMBER 1123581321It took him an instant, but when Langdon spotted it, he knew she was right.The Fibonacci sequence.1-1-2-3-5-8-13-21When the Fibonacci sequence was melded into a single ten-digit number, it became approximately unrecognizable. Easy to remember, and yet seemingly random.A brilliant ten-digit code that Sauniere would never forget. Furthermore, it perfectly explained why the scrambled numbers on the Louvre floor could be rearranged to form the famous progression. Sophie reached down and pressed the ENTER key. nothing happened .At least nothing they could detect.At that moment, at a lower place them, in the banks cavernous subterranean vault, a robotic tike sprang to life. Sliding on a double-axis transport system attached to the ceiling, the claw headed off in search of the proper coordinates. On the cement floor below, hundreds of resembling charge plate crates lay consecrateed on an enormous grid like rows of small coffins in an underground crypt.Whirring to a discover over the check spot on the floor, the claw dropped down, an electric eye confirming the bar code on the box. wherefore, with computer precision, the claw grasped the heavy handle and hoisted the crate vertically. in the raw gears engaged, and the claw transported the box to the far side of the vault, coming to a stop over a stationary conveyor belt. Gently now, the retrieval arm sight down the crate and retracted. Once the arm was clear, the conveyor belt whirred to life .Upstairs, Sophie and Langdon exhaled in relief to see t he conveyor belt move. Standing beside the belt, they matt-up like weary travelers at baggage claim awaiting a mysterious piece of luggage whose contents were unknown.The conveyor belt entered the room on their right by means of a narrow slit beneath a retrac tabularise approach. The admixture door slid up, and a huge plastic box appeared, emerging from the depths on the wedded conveyor belt. The box was black, heavy molded plastic, and far larger than she imagined. It looked like an air-freight pet transport crate without any air holes. The box coasted to a stop channelisely in front of them. Langdon and Sophie stood there, silent, staring at the mysterious container.Like everything else about this bank, this crate was industrial metal clasps, a bar code dagger on top, and molded heavy-duty handle. Sophie thought it looked like a giant toolbox.Wasting no time, Sophie unhooked the two buckles facing her. Then she glanced over at Langdon. Together, they raised(a) the heavy li d and let it fall back.Stepping forward, they peered down into the crate.At first glance, Sophie thought the crate was empty. Then she saw something. Sitting at the bottom of the crate. A lone item.The polished wooden box was about the size of a shoebox and had ornate hinges. The wood was a lustrous deep purple with a procure grain. Rosewood, Sophie realized. Her grandfathers favorite. The lid bore a beautiful inlaid design of a rose. She and Langdon exchanged puzzled looks. Sophie leaned in and grabbed the box, lifting it out.My matinee idol, its heavyShe carried it gingerly to a large receiving table and set it down. Langdon stood beside her, both of them staring at the small treasure chest her grandfather apparently had sent them to retrieve.Langdon stared in wonderment at the lids hand-carved inlay a five-petal rose. He had seen this type of rose many times. The five-petal rose, he whispered, is a Priory symbol for the Holy Grail.Sophie turned and looked at him. Langdon coul d see what she was thinking, and he was thinking it too. The dimensions of the box, the apparent weight down of its contents, and a Priory symbol for the Grail all seemed to imply one unfathomable conclusion. The Cup of Christ is in this wooden box. Langdon again told himself it was impossible.Its a perfect size, Sophie whispered, to uphold a chalice.It cant be a chalice.Sophie pulled the box toward her across the table, preparing to open it. As she moved it, though, something unexpected happened. The box let out an odd gurgling sound.Langdon did a double take. Theres liquid wrong?Sophie looked equally confused. Did you just hear ? Langdon nodded, lost. Liquid. Reaching forward, Sophie slowly unhooked the clasp and raised the lid.The object inside was unlike anything Langdon had ever seen. One thing was immediately clear to both of them, however. This was definitely not the Cup of Christ.CHAPTER 45The police are blocking the street, Andre Vernet said, walking into the waiting ro om. Getting you out will be difficult. As he closed the door behind him, Vernet saw the heavy-duty plastic case on the conveyor belt and halted in his tracks. My God They deviled Saunieres account?Sophie and Langdon were at the table, huddling over what looked to be a large wooden jewelry box. Sophie immediately closed the lid and looked up. We had the account number after all, she said.Vernet was speech little. This changed everything. He respectfully diverted his eyes from the box and tried to figure out his next move. I have to get them out of the bank But with the police already having set up a roadblock, Vernet could imagine only one way to do that. Mademoiselle Neveu, if I can get you safely out of the bank, will you be taking the item with you or returning it to the vault before you leave?Sophie glanced at Langdon and then back to Vernet. We need to take it.Vernet nodded. very well. Then whatever the item is, I suggest you wrap it in your jacket as we move through the hallw ays. I would prefer nobody else see it.As Langdon shed his jacket, Vernet hurried over to the conveyor belt, closed the now empty crate, and typed a series of simple commands. The conveyor belt began moving again, carrying the plastic container back down to the vault. Pulling the gold key from the podium, he handed it to Sophie.This way please. Hurry.When they reached the rear loading dock, Vernet could see the flash of police giddys filtering through the underground garage. He frowned. They were probably blocking the ramp. Am I really going to try to pull this off? He was sweating now.Vernet motioned to one of the banks small panoplied trucks. Transport sur was another service offered by the Depository Bank of Zurich.Get in the freight hold, he said, heaving open the massive rear door and motioning to the glistening steel compartment. Ill be right back.As Sophie and Langdon climbed in, Vernet hurried across the loading dock to the dock overseers office, let himself in, collected the keys for the truck, and found a drivers uniform jacket and cap. Shedding his own suit coat and tie, he began to put on the drivers jacket. Reconsidering, he donned a shoulder holster beneath the uniform. On his way out, he grabbed a drivers pistol from the rack, put in a clip, and stuffed it in the holster, buttoning his uniform over it. Returning to the truck, Vernet pulled the drivers cap down low and peered in at Sophie and Langdon, who were standing inside the empty steel box.Youll want this on, Vernet said, reaching inside and flicking a wall switch to illuminate the lone courtesy bulb on the holds ceiling. And youd better sit down. Not a sound on our way out the approach.Sophie and Langdon sat down on the metal floor. Langdon cradled the treasure wadded in his smock jacket. Swinging the heavy doors closed, Vernet locked them inside. Then he got in behind the wheel and revved the engine.As the armored truck lumbered toward the top of the ramp, Vernet could feel the sweat already roll up beneath his drivers cap. He could see there were far more police lights in front than he had imagined. As the truck powered up the ramp, the privileged gate swung inward to let him pass. Vernet advanced and waited while the gate behind him closed before pulling forward and tripping the next sensor. The second gate opened, and the exit beckoned.Except for the police car blocking the top of the ramp.Vernet dabbed his brow and pulled forward.A lanky officer stepped out and waved him to a stop a fewer meters from the roadblock. Four patrol cars were parked out front.Vernet stopped. Pulling his drivers cap down farther, he effected as rough a facade as his elegant upbringing would allow. Not budging from behind the wheel, he opened the door and gazed down at the agent, whose face was stern and sallow.Quest-ce qui se passe? Vernet inquireed, his tone rough.Je suis Jerome Collet, the agent said. deputy Police Judiciaire. He motioned to the trucks weight hold. Quest-c e quily a la dedans?Hell if I know, Vernet replied in crude French. Im only a driver. Collet looked unimpressed. Were looking for two criminals. Vernet laughed. Then you came to the right spot. Some of these bastards I drive for have so much money they must be criminals.The agent held up a passport express of Robert Langdon. Was this man in your bank tonight? Vernet shrugged. No clue. Im a dock rat. They dont let us anywhere near the clients. You need to go in and ask the front desk.Your bank is demanding a search warrant before we can enter.Vernet put on a disgusted look. Administrators. Dont get me started. Open your truck, please. Collet motioned toward the encumbrance hold. Vernet stared at the agent and forced an obnoxious laugh. Open the truck? You think I have keys? You think they trust us? You should see the crap payoff I get paid.The agents head tilted to one side, his skepticism evident. Youre telling me you dont have keys to your own truck?Vernet shook his head. Not th e cargo area. Ignition only. These trucks get sealed by overseers on the loading dock. Then the truck sits in dock while someone drives the cargo keys to the drop-off. Once we get the call that the cargo keys are with the recipient, then I get the okay to drive. Not a second before. I never know what the hell Im lugging.When was this truck sealed?moldiness have been hours ago. Im driving all the way up to St. Thurial tonight. Cargo keys are already up there.The agent made no response, his eyes probing as if trying to read Vernets mind.A drop of sweat was preparing to slide down Vernets nose. You mind? he said, wiping his nose with his sleeve and motioning to the police car blocking his way. Im on a tight schedule.Do all the drivers wear Rolexes? the agent asked, pointing to Vernets wrist.Vernet glanced down and saw the glistening band of his absurdly expensive watch peeking out from beneath the sleeve of his jacket. Merde. This piece of shit? Bought it for twenty euro from a Taiwane se street vendor in St. Germain des Pres. Ill sell it to you for forty. The agent paused and finally stepped aside. No thanks. use up a safe trip. Vernet did not breathe again until the truck was a good fifty meters down the street. And now he had another problem. His cargo. Where do I take them?CHAPTER 46Silas lay prone on the canvas mat in his room, allowing the lash wounds on his back to clot in the air. Tonights second posing with the Discipline had left him dizzy and weak. He had yet to remove the cilice belt, and he could feel the blood trickling down his inner thigh. Still, he could not justify removing the strap.I have failed the Church.Far worse, I have failed the bishop.Tonight was supposed to be Bishop Aringarosas salvation. Five months ago, the bishop had returned from a meeting at the Vatican Observatory, where he had learned something that left him deeply changed. Depressed for weeks, Aringarosa had finally shared the news with Silas.But this is impossible Silas had cried out. I cannot accept itIt is true, Aringarosa said. Unthinkable, but true. In only six months.The bishops words terrified Silas. He prayed for deliverance, and even in those dark days, his trust in God and The Way never wavered. It was only a month later that the clouds parted miraculously and the light of possibility shone through.Divine intervention, Aringarosa had called it.The bishop had seemed hopeful for the first time. Silas, he whispered, God has bestowed upon us an opportunity to protect The Way. Our battle, like all battles, will take sacrifice. Will you be a soldier of God?Silas fell to his knees before Bishop Aringarosa the man who had given him a new life and he said, I am a love of God. Shepherd me as your heart commands.When Aringarosa described the opportunity that had presented itself, Silas knew it could only be the hand of God at work. Miraculous fate Aringarosa put Silas in cope with with the man who had proposed the plan a man who called himself the T eacher. Although the Teacher and Silas never met face-to-face, each time they spoke by phone, Silas was awed, both by the profundity of the Teachers faith and by the scope of his power. The Teacher seemed to be a man who knew all, a man with eyes and ears in all places. How the Teacher gathered his study, Silas did not know, but Aringarosa had determined enormous trust in the Teacher, and he had told Silas to do the same. Do as the Teacher commands you, the bishop told Silas. And we will be victorious.Victorious.Silas now gazed at the bare floor and feared conquest had eluded them. The Teacher had been tricked. The key stone pit was a devious dead end. And with the deception, all hope had vanished.Silas wished he could call Bishop Aringarosa and warn him, but the Teacher had removed all their lines of direct communication tonight. For our safety.Finally, overcoming enormous trepidation, Silas crawled to his feet and found his robe, which lay on the floor. He dug his cell phone fr om the pocket. Hanging his head in shame, he dialed. Teacher, he whispered, all is lost. Silas truthfully told the man how he had been tricked. You lose your faith too quickly, the Teacher replied. I have just received news. Most unexpected and welcome. The sneaking(a) lives. Jacques Sauniere transferred information before he died. I will call you soon. Our work tonight is not yet done.CHAPTER 47Riding inside the dimly lit cargo hold of the armored truck was like being transported inside a cell for solitary confinement. Langdon fought the all too familiar anxiety that haunted him in confined spaces. Vernet said he would take us a safe distance out of the city.Where? How far?Langdons legs had gotten stiff from sitting cross-legged on the metal floor, and he shifted his position, wincing to feel the blood pouring back into his lower body. In his arms, he still clutched the bizarre treasure they had extricated from the bank.I think were on the way now, Sophie whispered.Langdon sensed the same thing. The truck, after an unnerving pause atop the bank ramp, had moved on, snaking left and right for a minute or two, and was now accelerating to what felt like top speed. Beneath them, the bulletproof tires hummed on smooth pavement. Forcing his attention to the rosewood box in his arms, Langdon laid the precious bundle on the floor, unwrap his jacket, and extracted the box, pulling it toward him. Sophie shifted her position so they were sitting side by side. Langdon suddenly felt like they were two kids huddled over a Christmas present.In compare to the warm colors of the rosewood box, the inlaid rose had been crafted of a pale wood, probably ash, which shone clearly in the dim light. The Rose.Entire armies and religions had been make on this symbol, as had secret societies. The Rosicrucians.The Knights of the Rosy Cross.Go ahead, Sophie said. Open it.Langdon took a deep breath. Reaching for the lid, he stole one more admiring glance at the intricate woodwork and th en, unhooking the clasp, he opened the lid, revealing the object within.Langdon had harbored several fantasies about what they might find inside this box, but clearly he had been wrong on every account. cuddle snugly inside the boxs heavily padded interior of crimson silk lay an object Langdon could not even begin to comprehend.Crafted of polished white marble, it was a stone piston chamber approximately the dimensions of a tennis ball can. More complicated than a simple column of stone, however, the piston chamber appeared to have been assembled in many pieces. cardinal doughnut-sized disks of marble had been stacked and affixed to one another within a delicate brass framework. It looked like some kind of tubular, multi-wheeled kaleidoscope. Each end of the cylinder was affixed with an end cap, also marble, making it impossible to see inside. Having heard liquid within, Langdon assumed the cylinder was hollow.As mystifying as the construction of the cylinder was, however, it was the engravings close to the tubes circumference that drew Langdons primary focus. Each of the six disks had been carefully carved with the same unlikely series of letters the entire alphabet. The lettered cylinder reminded Langdon of one of his childhood toys a rod threaded with lettered tumblers that could be rotated to spell different words.Amazing, isnt it? Sophie whispered.Langdon glanced up. I dont know. What the hell is it?Now there was a glint in Sophies eye. My grandfather used to craft these as a hobby. They were invented by Leonardo Da Vinci.Even in the diffuse light, Sophie could see Langdons surprise. Da Vinci? he muttered, looking again at the canister. Yes. Its called a cryptex.According to my grandfather, the blueprints come from one of Da Vincis secret diaries. What is it for? Considering tonights events, Sophie knew the answer might have some interesting implications. Its a vault, she said. For storing secret information.Langdons eyes widened further.Sophie expl ained that creating models of Da Vincis inventions was one of her grandfathers best-loved hobbies. A talented craftsman who spent hours in his wood and metal shop, Jacques Sauniere enjoyed imitating master craftsmen Faberge, assorted cloisonne artisans, and the less artistic, but far more practical, Leonardo Da Vinci.Even a cursory glance through Da Vincis journals revealed why the luminary was as disreputable for his lack of follow-through as he was famous for his brilliance. Da Vinci had drawn up blueprints for hundreds of inventions he had never built. One of Jacques Saunieres favorite pastimes was bringing Da Vincis more obscure brainstorms to life timepieces, water pumps, cryptexes, and even a fully articulated model of a medieval French knight, which now stood proudly on the desk in his office. Designed by Da Vinci in 1495 as an outgrowth of his earliest anatomy and kinesiology studies, the internal mechanism of the robot knight possessed accurate joints and tendons, and wa s intentional to sit up, wave its arms, and move its head via a flexible neck while opening and closing an anatomically correct jaw. This armor-clad knight, Sophie had always believed, was the most beautiful object her grandfather had ever built that was, until she had seen the cryptex in this rosewood box.He made me one of these when I was little, Sophie said. But Ive never seen one so ornate and large.Langdons eyes had never left the box. Ive never heard of a cryptex.Sophie was not surprised. Most of Leonardos unbuilt inventions had never been studied or even named. The term cryptex possibly had been her grandfathers creation, an apt title for this device that used the science of secret writing to protect information written on the contained scroll or codex.Da Vinci had been a cryptology pioneer, Sophie knew, although he was seldom given credit. Sophies university instructors, while presenting computer encryption methods for securing info, praised modern cryptologists like Zim merman and Schneier but failed to mention that it was Leonardo who had invented one of the first rudimentary forms of frequent key encryption centuries ago. Sophies grandfather, of course, had been the one to tell her all about that.As their armored truck roared down the highway, Sophie explained to Langdon that the cryptex had been Da Vincis solution to the dilemma of sending secure messages over long distances. In an era without telephones or e-mail, anyone wanting to convey private information to someone far away had no option but to write it down and then trust a messenger to carry the letter. Unfortunately, if a messenger suspected the letter might contain valuable information, he could make far more money selling the information to adversaries than he could delivering the letter properly.Many great minds in history had invented cryptologic solutions to the challenge of data protection Julius Caesar devised a code-writing scheme called the Caesar Box Mary, Queen of Scots creat ed a transposition cipher and sent secret communiques from prison and the brilliant Arab scientist Abu Yusuf Ismail al-Kindi protected his secrets with an ingeniously conceived polyalphabetic substitution cipher.Da Vinci, however, eschewed mathematics and cryptology for a mechanical solution. The cryptex. A portable container that could safeguard letters, maps, diagrams, anything at all. Once information was sealed inside the cryptex, only the individual with the proper password could access it.We require a password, Sophie said, pointing out the lettered dials. A cryptex works much like a bicycles combination lock. If you align the dials in the proper position, the lock slides open. This cryptex has five lettered dials. When you rotate them to their proper sequence, the tumblers inside align, and the entire cylinder slides apart. And inside? Once the cylinder slides apart, you have access to a hollow central compartment, which can hold a scroll of paper on which is the information you want to keep private.Langdon looked incredulous. And you say your grandfather built these for you when you were younger?Some smaller ones, yes. A couple times for my birthday, he gave me a cryptex and told me a riddle. The answer to the riddle was the password to the cryptex, and once I estimate it out, I could open it up and find my birthday card. A lot of work for a card. No, the cards always contained another riddle or clue. My grandfather loved creating elaborate treasure hunts around our house, a string of clues that eventually led to my real gift. Each treasure hunt was a test of division and merit, to ensure I earned my rewards. And the tests were never simple.Langdon eyed the device again, still looking skeptical. But why not just pry it apart? Or smash it? The metal looks delicate, and marble is a soft rock.Sophie smiled. Because Da Vinci is too smart for that. He designed the cryptex so that if you try to force it open in any way, the information self-destructs. Watc h. Sophie reached into the box and carefully lifted out the cylinder. Any information to be inserted is first written on a papyrus scroll.Not vellum?Sophie shook her head. Papyrus. I know sheeps vellum was more durable and more common in those days, but it had to be papyrus. The thinner the better.Okay.Before the papyrus was inserted into the cryptexs compartment, it was rolled around a delicate glass vial. She tipped the cryptex, and the liquid inside gurgled. A vial of liquid.Liquid what?Sophie smiled. Vinegar.Langdon hesitated a moment and then began nodding. Brilliant.Vinegar and papyrus, Sophie thought. If someone act to force open the cryptex, the glass vial would break, and the vinegar would quickly dissolve the papyrus. By the time anyone extracted the secret message, it would be a glob of meaningless pulp.As you can see, Sophie told him, the only way to access the information inside is to know the proper five-letter password. And with five dials, each with twenty-six lette rs, thats twenty-six to the fifth power. She quickly estimated the permutations. approximately twelve million possibilities.If you say so, Langdon said, looking like he had approximately twelve million questions running through his head. What information do you think is inside?Whatever it is, my grandfather obviously wanted very badly to keep it secret. She paused, closing the box lid and eyeing the five-petal Rose inlaid on it. Something was bothering her. Did you say in front that the Rose is a symbol for the Grail?Exactly. In Priory symbolism, the Rose and the Grail are synonymous.Sophie furrowed her brow. Thats strange, because my grandfather always told me the Rose meant secrecy.He used to hang a rose on his office door at home when he was having a confidential phone call and didnt want me to disturb him. He support me to do the same. Sweetie, her grandfather said, rather than lock each other out, we can each hang a rose la fleur des secrets on our door when we need privac y.This way we learn to respect and trust each other.Hanging a rose is an ancient Roman custom.Sub rosa,Langdon said. The Romans hung a rose over meetings to quest the meeting was confidential. Attendees understood that whatever was said under the rose or sub rosa had to remain a secret.Langdon quickly explained that the Roses overtone of secrecy was not the only reason the Priory used it as a symbol for the Grail. Rosa rugosa, one of the oldest species of rose, had five petals and pentagonal symmetry, just like the guiding star of Venus, handsome the Rose strong iconographic ties to womanhood.In addition, the Rose had close ties to the concept of true direction and navigating ones way. The Compass Rose helped travelers navigate, as did Rose Lines, the longitudinal lines on maps. For this reason, the Rose was a symbol that spoke of the Grail on many levels secrecy, womanhood, and guidance the feminine chalice and guiding star that led to secret truth.As Langdon finished his exp lanation, his carriage seemed to tighten suddenly. Robert? Are you okay? His eyes were riveted to the rosewood box. Subrosa,he choked, a fearful bewilderment sweeping across his face. It cant be.What?Langdon slowly raised his eyes. at a lower place the sign of the Rose, he whispered. This cryptex I think I know what it is.

Factors Of National Philosophy Of Education Education Essay

What is bailiwick Philosophy of Education. National Philosophy of Education stands for Education in Malaysia is an on-going exploit towards make headway suffering the potency of persons in a holistic and incorporate mode, in determine to bring forth persons who argon intellectually, spiritually, unrestrainedly and physically, balanced and harmoniously, found on a steadfast belief in and devotedness to God. Such an attempt is designed to bring forth Malayan citizens who are knowing and competent, who cause utmost moral criterions and who are responsible and capable of accomplishing a risque degree of personal well being to lend to the improvement of the state, menage and society. The NPE has been build by Ministry of Education since the twelvemonth of 1988. The experts of control had tried their best to set in all the NPE into their course of study taught in all(prenominal) topic in develop.1.1- Elementss in National Philosophy of Education ( NPE )There are alike elemen ts in the execution of NPE. root and first, comp atomic number 53nt in NPE is instruction as an on-going attempt. Education is the social occasion of reassigning and seizeing of information, accomplishments and baronial values. Education normally implemented for kids since they at an early age which is 1 to 6 old ages old. Then, it ordain be continued by the condition dayhouse to heighten cognition, accomplishments and character. For case, if a bookman merely finished his SPM scrutiny, he pass on seek for an excess category such as computing machine category. The modernistic cognition that he receives will help him to accommodate to legion(predicate) an(prenominal) types of transfigureations. Following, development of person s potency withal one of the elements in the NPE. As we know, everyone is innate(p) with concealed endowment and abilities but they do non recognize it on their ain. However, the concealed endowment and abilities domiciliate be detected by means o f societal interaction. For illustration, if a pupil discourse his model with a spouse to do an essay, he likely screw indicate proscribed superb thought that toilette give high Markss to the essay. Other than that, the component in NPE is belief and devotedness to God. Every individual moldiness acknowledge the being of God and belief in Him as the manufacturer of the existence. In fact, everyone besides has to bring forth good workss and actions. For case, Muslim people believe in syurga which is the topographic point to remain afterlife. In order to issue forth in the syurga , they boast to do good things and workss slice they are alive.1.2- Factors of National Philosophy of EducationOther than component, NPE besides has it s ain ground wherefore it is implemented in the instruction system. First and first, the operator that determines NPE is spiritual factor. This factor can be seen through citation Produce persons who are intellectually, spiritually, emotionally a nd physically balanced and harmonious, based on a steadfast belief and devotedness to God . As we know, Malaysia is a multiracial and multi faith state but Islam has to be the official faith. However, other faith such as Christian, Buddhist and Hindu is free to encompass. Another factor that determines NPE is the societal factor which can be seen through citation to bring forth Malayan citizen that are capable of accomplishing a high degree of personal well being to lend to the improvement of the state, household and society . Malaysia is a peaceable state which have a assortment of slipstreams live here. Cooperation and tolerance from assorted citizens are really of import in order to populate in harmoniousness and prosperity in Malaysia. Therefore, through the right pattern, we are able to make the stableness of society. Last, economic factor besides is one of the grounds in finding NPE. Malaysians presents are trained with resolveicular accomplishment in many sorts of field to upgrading their productiveness. Such an purpose can be set up with the production of persons who are knowing and competent, responsible and capable to lend towards the improvement of the state, household and society. The mark of Malaysia to be economically strong state becomes the major factor in the case instruction on the NPE.2.0- National political platformIn add-on, national course of study besides altering to accomplish NPE s manoeuvers. National course of study is An educational blueprint that includes course of study and co-curricular activities which encompasses all the cognition, accomplishments norms, values, cultural elements and beliefs to assist develop an single to the full with regard to the physical, religious, mental and emotional every bit good as to instill and develop desirable moral values aaand to convey cognition .2.1- KLSR, KBSR, KSSREducation in Malaysia started before the Malaysia addition independency in 1957. Informal instruction normally takes topographic point as a medium for Malay people get cognition because deficiency of instructors to learn them. In order to better the instruction in Malaysia, instruction act and several systems of instruction has been built by the governance to bring forth knowing citizens. Education in Malaysia was started from Education Act in the twelvemonth of 1961. Harmonizing to Shidota ( 2010 ) , The instruction act is the forming from the Rahman Talib Report 1960 . Sekolah Kebangsaan is unfastened for every race while Sekolah Jenis Kebangsaan is merely provided for Indian and Chinese people. Then, Old Curriculum for Primary Schools ( KLSR ) was built as a system of instruction in Malaysia. Old Curriculum for Primary Schools ( KLSR ) implemented since the state gained independency. In 1960, a Subjects Review Committee has been established to be known as the Rahman Talib Report.The Rahman Talib Report has suggested some facets of instruction. The Rahman Talib study is so tabled in Parliame nt and passed which was so implemented in the Education Act 1961. Harmonizing to Rahman Talib Report, all pupils must go through in Bahasa Melayu public scrutiny, in which the written scrutiny documents. By utilizing the Malay linguistic communication, it aims to further integrity among the assorted cultural multitudes. In KLSR, the instruction is old-oriented and emphasis on memorising acquisition.In add-on, organisation in category is arranged utilizing the traditional schoolroom agreement. Traditional schoolroom is a topographic point for a group of pupils lessons delivered by instructors utilizing the old-oriented instruction. In traditional schoolroom, the pupils are really inactive and receive anything teacher Teach. In 1982, New Primary School Curriculum ( KBSR ) was implemented as a new instruction system that replaced KLSR. KBSR execution follows the alterations made by the Report of the Cabinet Committee on Implementation of Education Policy issued in 1979.KBSR is aimed to finish all scholars with canonic accomplishments and cognition of the topics. In KBSR, co-curriculum action at law and Primary School Assessment Test ( UPSR ) are mandatory. In 1993, New Primary School Curriculum changed to the name of the new combine Primary School Curriculum. However, merely the name alterations have occurred. The course of study content is still the same as before. KBSR program besides emphasizes the command of basic accomplishments 3M of reading, composing and arithmetic. In 2010, Standard Primary School Curriculum ( KSSR ) replaced Integrated Primary School Curriculum as a new system of instruction in Malaysia.KSSR divides subject into 3 faculties which are Core Basic Module, Basic Module Themes and Elective Basic Module. For degree 1 which is twelvemonth 1-2, learning focal points on authorship, reading, numbering and menakul ( 4M ) . While, for degree 2 which are twelvemonth 3-6, learning emphasis on the application of 4M. One of the aims of KSSR is to make advanced persons. Until now, KSSR is still on-going as the system of instruction in Malaysia. It is more towards practical and less nerve-racking for instructors and pupils.3.0- Schemes For The Realization Of NPE3.1- School s functionThe school should play a large function to accomplish the National Philosophy of Education s aims. First, the most of import facet is the facet of school socialization. Some call the school clime. School civilization must include the five elements found in the National Education Philosophy which is religious, rational, emotional, physical and societal. The religious component is by discernment the importance of faith without faith against another. An illustration is to make a school civilization that patterns reading the Quran every forenoon and obligatory supplications in fold. all pupils besides must cover themselves. It will edify pupils of its duties in maintaining faith and ego regard. Indirectly will bring forth students with competent, h onest, responsible and capable of accomplishing wellbeing.From a physical component besides is to supply school installations that are comfy, warm and contributing environment that promotes learning and larning. It will excite pupils involvement in prosecuting cognition. It is in draw and quarter with the Doctrine of Education which is to bring forth pupils who flourish in harmoniousness and complete in footings of religious, physical, emotional, rational and societalFurther, in the rational component, schools must promote socialization cognition among pupils and instructors. The school can form academic plans such as NILAM plan. It will advance a civilization of reading among pupils. opinion kids to read is besides increasing with the award as NILAM award. Through reading, pupils heads are more developed and students are able to believe creatively and critically. It is in line with the Doctrine of Education to bring forth Malayan citizens who are knowing.3.2- Teachers function Other than school, instructors besides should play their function to develop NPE s aims in pupils. First and first, instructors as pedagogues should hold even more committed to the execution of activities to accomplish the aspirations contained in NPE. Next, teach the pupil with the handiness of new cognition that instructors have disposed(p) to implement new instruction and larning schemes in order to make a harmonious and balanced human intellectually, spiritually, emotionally and physically.3.3- Student s functionThe aim of NPE can besides be developed by the attempt from pupils. In every acquisition session, pupils should demo active acquisition and engagement. They besides can develop independency, self-discipline and work out jobs. Besides, pupils may get down using critical thought accomplishments and do an action. Critical thought is really of import in Mathematicss capable. Therefore, pupils have to develop it on their ain to do a improvement believing in their action.4.0- School ActivityThis NPE has been used in every school in Malaysia to develop the pupils cognitive, affectional and psychomotor ( physical ) with other potencies ( JERIS ) in pupils. Normally, the school will transport out activities to win the aims of NPE. In order to become more specific about activities that had been done with school and instructors, I had interviewed a Headmaster, Senior Assistant and a school instructor at Sekolah Kebangsaan Bukit Jana. After I interview all of them, I had found that many interesting activities that has been organized by the school and instructor. Before making any activities in school, the schoolmaster makes a commission which is organized earlier before school starts and led by her. Each commission has 4 director which are schoolmaster, pupil personal businesss helper, administrative helper and course of study helper.4.1- Sport s daylightThe first drill held in the school is Sport s Day. Sport s Day normally held in the month of March. Ther e are many activities in Sport s Day that will be contested such as 800m tally and javelin throw. This body process is aimed to bring forth pupils that are talented and active. Every pupil in the school will be taking portion in each activity in Sport s Day. Their engagement will lend points to their contribute point for several group. From this Sport s Day, pupils will go more courageous to seek take parting in any activities that held anytime.4.2- Interaction DaySecond, Interaction Day is held in school to use the NPE aim. In the Interaction Day, parents will come to school to take their kid s study card and it has to be taken from the schoolroom instructor. When the parents receive the study card, they can look at the consequence and inquire any inquiry sing their kid in category. During the interaction, parents can cognize the truth behaviour of their kid at school. In fact, they besides will cognize whether their kid to the full go to his category or non. Through this activity , pupils will go more hardworking in their survey. They will work hard to acquire lying colourss in scrutiny and do their parents proud of themselves.4.3- Parents and Teacher AssociationFollowing activity held in school is Parents and Teacher Association. This activity is conducted by the schoolmaster and helped by the Teacher Assistants in the school. Parents will come to the meeting to discourse of import things sing the school or pupils. This activity aims for betterment the school s failings. For illustration, if the school is non stress on subject, parents can kick about it. The school besides can acquire tinge from parents on the improvement of the transmutation in the school. Furthermore, the activity besides gives a opportunity for school to inquire aid from parents to do an excess category for pupils. This is referable to the deficiency of instructor to go to an excess category at school. At the remainder of this session, direction of the school will go better in the her eafter. In fact, the school besides can make any motivational encampment that requires payment to the organiser because the school will have some patronize from the parents. Therefore, pupils can have more new thoughts about their surveies from the motivational encampment.4.4- Excellence Award DayOther than that, there is besides an Excellence Award Day which will be held at the utmost of the twelvemonth. This activity is held to increase the pupils spirit to analyze hard. When pupils see an first-class pupil walk on a phase and have a coil of certification, they will experience challenged and get down to work hard. In this activity, the school will take the top 15 pupils in every category to take a certification on the phase. Through this activity, pupils will vie reasonably without aching anyone. They will analyze to accomplish the best outrank in the scrutiny. They besides will get down to believe positively because they know they can success in the scrutiny and crush the ind ividual who already walk on the phase.4.5- Collaborative ActivityLast, to accomplish NPE aims, the school besides held a collaborative activity. During the collaborative activity, instructors will affect along with the pupils. This activity is aimed for cooperation amongst pupils and people around. Besides that, it besides to fasten the relationship between pupils and instructors. Apart from that, this activity besides aims to convey consciousness to pupils about the importance of hygiene. At the terminal of the activity, the school will be able to bring forth school can bring forth pupils with a cleansing agent and diligent aid. Students will larn the significance of regard with each other. For illustration, immature pupils will honour pupils older than him. Students are besides more concerned about hygiene while analyzing.5.0- Classroom Activity5.1- StorytellingIn category, the instructor besides makes some activities for pupils to develop NPE aims. One of the activities that the instructor does in the schoolroom is narrative stating. In the narrative stating activity, the instructor will pick 3 pupils to state their narrative in forepart of the category. Time given to each pupil is about 3 proceedingss. The ground why this activity held in category is to further develop pupils endowments in storytelling. Storytelling competition can besides supply chances for pupils to portion cognition and larn right vocabulary. Hopefully, this activity will bring forth pupils who are non diffident to seek something new. In add-on, the usage of veracious grammar can besides be nurtured. Through the usage of proper grammar, pupils are able to reply exam inquiries successfully.5.2- Group DiscussionNext, other activity in category that the instructor has been carried out is group treatment. Before group treatment starts, the instructor will split all pupils in a group and each group contains about 5 pupils. This activity is to allow the pupils dissertate the reply on thei r ain. It besides conducted to give pupils exposure to a batch of thoughts. They can besides discourse and give sentiments on the reply to be determined. At the terminal of this activity, pupils will be more comfy to socialise with other schoolmates. They would non experience left out because of the interaction between schoolmates were running. In add-on, this activity besides gives the feeling of person who seldom communicate in the schoolroom. For illustration, if a pupil is introverted in a category, the other pupils will state that he was an big-chested pupil. However, after this activity traveling on, they will cognize that the pupils are non chesty but he is really friendly.5.3- Spelling BeeApart from that, instructors besides carry out the Spelling Bee activity. This activity involves all pupils in the category. An Activity of the Spelling Bee is intended to rectify spelling has ever been a job in school. It is besides to obviate any confusion in the spelling of a word. This activity will bring forth pupils who are able to spell the word right. This is so because, many pupils are confused to distinguish spelling Malay and English. For illustration, pupils will be entered for spelling televisyen to telecasting. In add-on, pupils vocabulary can besides be corrected during the activity period.5.4- Mind Mapping and BrainstormingBesides that, instructors besides conduct Mind Mapping and Brainstorming activity in category. This activity must be participated by all pupils in the category. The purpose of this activity is to acquire an thought in finishing pupil s prep. For illustration, if a pupil wants to make his essay, he can non compose it right because he does non hold thoughts to finish it. Sometimes, the chief point besides is non related to the inquiry. This activity was hoped that pupils can hold mature thought of doing a good essay. It besides will bring forth pupils who are originative. Other than that, mind function and brainstorming besides can a ssist pupils in work outing job.5.5- QuizesLast, the instructor held a Quiz session to accomplish NPE s aims. As usual, this activity requires all pupils to take part in it. This is due to the pupils who do non like to finish his prep. As a replacing, the instructor will do a short quiz before she starts a new lesson. At the terminal of the activity, pupils will be more prepare to read earlier to go through the quiz. Furthermore, this activity besides will construct pupils assurance degree in order to finish the quiz before plume is up. It besides can be alteration for pupils before the scrutiny hebdomad.6.0- DecisionIn decision, the school has conducted many interesting activities such as Sport s Day, Interaction Day, Parents and Teachers Association, Excellence Award Day and Collaboration Activity. While, the instructor has made a motion by doing activities in the schoolroom. The activities are Spelling Bee, Storytelling, Group Discussion, Mind Mapping and Brainstorming and Quiz es. All the activities that had been done are appropriate to develop NPE s aims in pupil. The activities besides received encouraging response from the pupils.7.0- AppendixInterview FormNamePositionSchoolInterviewed by Siti Nur Syaima binti Badrul Azam Education in Malaysia is an on traveling attempt towards further developing the potency of persons in a holistic and incorporate mode, in order to bring forth persons who are intellectually, spiritually, emotionally and physically, balanced and harmoniously, based on a steadfast belief in and devotedness to God. Such an attempt is designed to bring forth Malayan citizens who are knowing and competent, who possess high moral criterions and who are responsible and capable of accomplishing a high degree of personal well being to lend to the improvement of the state, household and society. The national course of study of the school reflects the aims of national Philosophy of instruction ( NPE ) . By implementing the course of study effica ciously in schools, it can develop the pupils cognitive, affectional and psychomotor ( physical ) with other potencies ( JERIS ) in pupils. By this, the establishments can bring forth insan theoretical account as for the future coevalss. What 5 activities that school carried out to take in/insist the aim of NPE?1- _________________________________________Why?Does the activity must be carried out by all pupils?What are the merchandises at the terminal?2- ________________________________________Why?Did parents give support in this activity? For illustration fund.How can it be applied in pupils day-to-day modus operandi?3-________________________________________Why?Does this activity involve pupils in the school or extraterrestrial being?How this activity aid in developing the pupils psychomotor?4- ________________________________________Why?Do pupils react good in the activity?In the hereafter, does this activity will alter a small spot so that it will go more happening?5- _______ ________________________________Why?Does instructors function is of import in the activity?What is merchandise did the activity reflect to the pupils?Interview FormTeacher s nameSchool s nameInterviewed by Siti Nur Syaima binti Badrul AzamThe national course of study is an educational plan that includes course of study and co-curricular activities which encompasses all the cognition, accomplishments norms, values, cultural elements and beliefs to assist develop an single to the full with regard to the physical, religious, mental and emotional every bit good as to instill and develop desirable moral values aaand to convey cognition. From the definition above, it is clear that the national course of study reflects the aims of national ism of instruction ( NPE ) .As a instructor, what are the instruction activities that being focused/carried out in schoolroom to realize the National course of study in the advancement of modeling the pupil s behaviour and believes.1-Scope?Reason?Merch andise?2-Why?Did pupils collaborate together in this activity?How much clip is given to the pupils to finish the activity?3-Why?Did pupils ever acquiring bored with this activity?What are the terminal merchandises of the activity?4-Reason?How many pupils take part?What is the pupils reaction towards this activity?5-Why?How many frequent this activity held in category?What is the merchandise at the terminal of the session?